Term
| What are the modes of Transmission |
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Definition
- Direct contact with blood or body fluids
- Indirect contact with contaminated instrument or surface
- contact of mucosa of the eyes, nose, or mouth with droplets of spatter
- inhalation of airborne microorganisms
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Term
| What is the year of Universal Precautions and what is it |
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Definition
1987
Impossible to know who may be carrying a bloodborne virus
All blood and body flids that might be contaminated with blood should be treated as infectious |
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Term
| What are the preventive practices to reduce exposures |
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Definition
- Careful handling of sharps
- Use of rubber dams to minimize blood splatters
- Handwashing
- Use of protective barriers (PPE)
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Term
| What year was Standard Precautions who revised it |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Standard Precautions |
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Definition
Integrates and expands Universal Precautions
Includes organisms spread by blood and also:
- Body fluids, secretions(something cell produces), and excretions (getting rid of waste) except sweat, whether or not they contain blood
- Non-intact (broken) skin
- Mucous membranes
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Term
| What are the elements of Standard Precautions |
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Definition
- Handwashing
- Use of gloves, masks, eye protection, &gowns (PPE)
- Patient care equipment
- Environmental surfaces
- Injury prevention
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Term
| What factors influence PPE Selection |
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Definition
- Type of exposure anticipated
- Splash/spray versus touch
- Pt. category of isolation precautions
- Durability and appropriateness for the task
- Fit
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Term
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Definition
- Standard Precautions: Assumes blood and body fluid of ANY patient could be infectious
- Decisions about PPE use determined by type of clinical interaction with patient
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Term
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Definition
| Use when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, contaminated items, mucous membranes, & nonintact skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Use during procedures and patient care activities when contact of clothing or exposed skin with blood/body fluids, secretions, or excretions is anticipated |
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Term
| When do you use mask and goggles (or a face shield) |
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Definition
| Use during patient care activities likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions |
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Term
| What is the sequence for donning PPE |
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Definition
Gown first
mask
goggles or face shield - wash hands
gloves |
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Term
| What is the sequence for removing PPE |
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Definition
Gloves
Face shield or goggles
Gown
Mask or respirator |
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Term
| What is the % of Healthcare Associated Infections of all hospital patients |
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Definition
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Term
| Give # of Healthcare Associated Infections, # of deaths, % UTI, % surgical wound, % pneumonia, % bloodstream according to the CDC each year |
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Definition
1.7 million
99,000
32% UTI
22% surgical wound
15% pneumonia
14% bloodstream |
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Term
| What are the 3 methods of Hand Hygiene and which ones do we have in the clinic |
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Definition
- Handwashing- washing hands with plain soap and water
- Antiseptic handwash- washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing an antiseptic agent (we have chlorohexadene-substaintivity=stays awhile)
- Alcohol-based handrub- rubbing hands with an alcohol-containing preparation (substitute for handwashing)
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Term
| What are the benefits to alcohol-based preparations? limitations? |
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Definition
Benefits
- Rapid and effective antimicrobial action
- Improved skin condition
- More accessible than sinks
Limitations
- Cannot be used if hands are visibly soiled
- store away from high temp or flames
- Hand softeners and glove powders may "build up"
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Term
| How much alcohol must be in an alcohol-based preparation? |
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Definition
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