Term
| The PNS consists of both ______ nerves and ______ nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Crainal nerves are nerves to and from which structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal nerves are nerves to and from which structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two subdivisions of the PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of the afferent system is to.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of the efferent system is to... |
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Definition
| Take info from the CNS to the effectors |
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Term
| Name the two subdivisions of the afferent system |
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Definition
1. Somatic afferents
2. Visceral afferents |
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Term
| The somatic afferents are involved with what structures? |
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Definition
| Bones, joints, muscles, skin |
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Term
| The visceral afferents are involved with what structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two subdivisions of the efferent system |
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Definition
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Term
| The somatic efferents function to? |
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Definition
| Nerves taking info to skeletal muscles |
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Term
| The somatic efferents are (voluntary/involuntary) |
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Definition
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Term
| The autonomic efferents function to? |
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Definition
| Take info to smooth and cardiac muscle |
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Term
| The autonomic efferents are (voluntary/involuntary) |
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Definition
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Term
| There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal nerves are formed by the union of which two structures? |
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Definition
| The dorsal root and the ventral root |
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Term
| Which structure does the spinal nerve pass through? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The spinal nerve splits into posterior and anterior branches (rami; ramus singular) after exiting the intravertebral foramen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Each spinal nerve is made up of 1000's of axons |
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Definition
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Term
| Which parts of the body do the spinal nerves not serve? |
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Definition
| The head and parts of the neck |
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Term
| Name the 5 different sections of spinal nerves |
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Definition
1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5. Coccygeal |
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Term
| How many cervical nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many thoracic nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many lumbar nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many saccral nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many coccygeal nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the cervical nerves leave the vertebral column? |
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Definition
| Above the vertebrae for which they are numbered |
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Term
| Where does C8 leave the spine? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the rest of the spinal nerves leave the vertebral column? |
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Definition
| Below the vertebrae for which they are numbered |
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Term
| What is the name of the coccygeal nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is formed by many nerves coming together? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many enlargements are there along the spine? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name the function of the dorsal ramus. |
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Definition
| Sensory info from, and motor info to the skin and muscles of the neck and back |
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Term
| Name the function of the ventral ramus |
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Definition
| Supplies the venterolateral body surface, body wall structures and the limbs |
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Term
| Why are the cervical and lumbar enlargements formed? |
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Definition
| Because they are the exit point for the nerves supplying the upper and lower limbs, respectively |
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Term
| Why are the enlargements large? |
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Definition
| They have higher amounts of grey matter |
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Term
| (T/F) the amount of grey matter is proportionate to the amount of skeletal muscles supplied by those nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the plexus associated with the cervical enlargement? |
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Definition
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Term
| The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of which spinal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which plexus is associated with the lumbar enlargement? |
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Definition
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Term
| The lumbosaccral plexus is formed by the ventral rami of which spinal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Specific area of the skin that is innervated by the cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve |
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Term
| Which spinal nerve does not have a dermatome? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) In the trunk area, the dermatomes are horizontal and in line with their spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| The dermatomes on the upper limb are given from which spinal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dermatomes on the anterior lower limb are given by which spinal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dermatomes on the posterior lower limb are given by which spinal nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are dermatomes clinically important? |
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Definition
| They help diagnose damage to spinal nerves and/or dorsal root ganglia |
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Term
| How does a dermatome show that there is damage? |
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Definition
| Sensation will be lost in that area of the skin; the area with lost feeling correlates with a specific spinal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| An immediate involuntary motor response to a specific stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| The neural wiring of a specific reflex |
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Term
| Name the 5 steps to a reflex |
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Definition
1. Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor
2. Relay of info to CNS
3. Integration (info processing)
4. Activation of motor neuron
5. Response by effector |
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Term
| What are the two ways integration occurs in the CNS? |
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Definition
1. Synapse of the motor sensory directly to the motor neuron
2. Sensory neuron synapses motor neuron via an interneuron |
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Term
| (T/F) A reflex can be stopped once it has started |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are reflexes an exception to skeletal muscle activation? |
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Definition
| Because the action cannot be stopped once it has started |
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Term
| (T/F) Part of the integration process is sent to the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the brain involved with the integration process? |
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Definition
| It is involved because we know that the reflex is happening. |
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Term
| Name 2 categories of reflexes |
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Definition
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Term
| What to somatic reflexes act on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do visceral reflexes act on? |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
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Term
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the cranial nerves named? |
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Definition
| According to the point of issue along the longitudinal axis of brain |
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Term
| (T/F) The cranial nerves are numbered with roman numerals |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the three types of cranial nerves |
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Definition
1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Mixed |
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Term
| How many CN's are purely sensory nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the soma of CN's with sensory functions located? |
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Definition
| In basal ganglia outside of the brain |
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Term
| CN nerves with autonomic function have their bodies located where? |
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Definition
| Nuclei in the brains stem specific to that cranial nerve |
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Term
| Name the 5 general functions of CN's |
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Definition
1. Special sensory
2. Somatic sensory
3. Visceral sensory
4. Somatic motor
5. Visceral motor |
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Term
| Name the 12 Cranial Nerves |
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Definition
1. Olfactory (CN I)
2. Optic (CN II)
3. Oculomotor (CN III)
4. Trochlear (CN IV)
5. Trigeminal (CN V)
6. Abducens (CN VI)
7. Facial (CN VII)
8. Vestibuloochlear (CN VIII)
9. Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
10. Vagus (CN X)
11. Accessory (CN XI)
12. Hypoglossal (CN XII) |
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Term
| Which cranial nerve does not associate with the brain stem or diencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do all other cranial nerves originate or terminate? |
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Definition
| Brainstem or diencephalon |
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Term
| How is the olfactory nerve classified |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the olfactory nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the optic nerve classified |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the optic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the oculomotor nerve classified |
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Definition
| Motor nerve, parasympathetic |
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Term
| What is the motor function of the oculomotor nerve? |
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Definition
| Eye movement; targets 4 of the 6 extraocular muscles, as well as the levator palpebrae superioris (eyelid) muscle |
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Term
| What is the parasympathetic function of the oculomotor nerve |
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Definition
| Targets intrinsic eye muscles; changes size of pupil and shape of lens |
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Term
| How is the trochlear nerve classified |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the trochlear nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets superior oblique eye muscle for eye movement |
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Term
| How is the trigeminal nerve classified? |
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Definition
| Mixed nerve (Sensory and Motor) |
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Term
| Name the three branches of the trigeminal nerve |
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Definition
1. Ophthalamic
2. Maxillary
3. Mandibular |
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|
Term
| How is the ophtholamic branch classified? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the maxillary branch classified? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the mandibular branch classified? |
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Definition
| Mixed (sensory and motor) |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the ophthalamic branch? |
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Definition
| Sensory to the forehead and eye (eye touch/pain) |
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Term
| What is the function of the maxillary branch? |
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Definition
| Sensory to the upper jaw region (lower eyelid, upper lip, cheek and nose, upper gums and teeth) |
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Term
| What is the function of the mandibular branch? |
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Definition
Sensory to the lower jaw region (lower lip, lower gums, lower teeth etc)
Motor to the muscles of mastication |
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Term
| How is the abducens nerve classified? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the abducens nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets the inferior oblique eye muscle, abducts eyes |
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Term
| How is the Facial nerve classified? |
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Definition
| Mixed (motor, sensory, parasympathetic) |
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Term
| How many branches does the facial nerve have? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the motor functions of the facial nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets the muscles of facial expression |
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Term
| What is the sensory function of the facial nerve? |
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Definition
| Taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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Term
| What is the parasympathetic function of the facial nerve? |
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Definition
| Acts on glands, except the parotid |
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Term
| How is the vestibulocochlear (auditory/acousting) classified |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets vestibular organs to sense equilibrium; targets cochlea for hearing |
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Term
| How is the glossopharyngeal nerve classified? |
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Definition
| Mixed (sensory, motor, parasympathetic) |
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Term
| What is the sensory function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? |
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Definition
| Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue, sensation from pharynx and middle ear |
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Term
| What is the motor function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets pharyngeal muscles |
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Term
| What is the parasympathetic function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the vagus nerve classified? |
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Definition
| Mixed (motor, sensory, parasympathetic) |
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Term
| What is the sensory function of the vagus nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the motor function of the vagus nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets muscles of the larynx, pharynx and soft palate |
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Term
| What is the parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets visceral organs in the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
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Term
| (T/F) the vagus nerve is the only nerve to leave the head and neck |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is the accessory nerve classified? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the accessory nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets the sternocletomastoid and trapezius muscles |
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|
Term
| How is the hypoglossal nerve classified? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve? |
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Definition
| Targets muscles of the tongue |
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|
Term
| What nerves have parasympathetic function? |
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Definition
| Occulomotor (CN III), Facial (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and Vagus (CN X) |
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|
Term
| What nerves have mixed function |
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Definition
| Trigeminal (CN V), Facial (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), Vagus (CN X) |
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Term
| What nerves have soley sensory function? |
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Definition
| Olfactory (CN I), Optic (CN II), Vestibocochlear (CN VIII) |
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Term
| What nerves have soley motor function? |
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Definition
| Occulomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV), Abducens (CN VI), Accessory (CN XI), Hypoglossal (CN XII) |
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|
Term
| What is the pneumonic for the cranial nerves? |
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Definition
| Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly |
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