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PERIODONTOLOGY
PERIODONTOLOGY CHAPTER 7
54
Dentistry
Undergraduate 1
06/05/2014

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Term
PERIODONTAL DISEASES CONSIST OF:
Definition
•GINGIVITIS
•PERIODONTITIS
Term
BOTH GINGIVITIS AND PERIODONTITIS ARE ______________ INFECTIONS IN WHICH:
Definition
•MICROBIAL
•MICROBES INTERACT WITH A HOST'S REDUCED CAPACITY TO RESIST DISEASE
Term
GINGIVITIS:
Definition
•INFLAMMATORY LESION CONFINED TO THE GINGIVAL TISSUES
•DOES NOT INVOLVE THE PDL FIBERS, CEMENTUM, OR BONE
•JE REMAINS AT THE CEJ (NO ATTACHMENT LOSS)
Term
WHAT TISSUES IS GINGIVITIS CONFINED TO?
Definition
•EPITHELIUM AND LAMINA PROPRIA
Term
WHO CAN GINGIVITIS AFFECT?
Definition
•ANYONE. CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, OR ADULTS
Term
WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF HISTOPATHOGENISIS IN GINGIVITIS?
Definition
•INITIAL
•EARLY
•ESTABLISHED
•ADVANCED
Term
INITIAL STAGE
Definition
•2-4 DAYS OF PLAQUE ACCUMULATION AT THE GINGIVAL MARGIN
•SUBCLINICAL (NO SIGNS OF GINGIVITIS)
•INCREASED FLOW IF GCF
Term
EARLY STAGE
Definition
•4-7 DAYS OF PLAQUE ACCUMULATION
•CLINICAL SIGNS OF GINGIVITIS FIRST SEEN (REDNESS, BLEEDING ON PROBING, EDEMA)
Term
ESTABLISHED STAGE
Definition
•2-3 WEEKS OF PLAQUE ACCUMULATION
•CHRONIC GINGIVITIS THAT MAY APPEAR BLUISH-RED WITH INCREASED PROBING DEPTHS
•JE DETACHES FROM THE TOOTH
Term
ADVANCED STAGE
Definition
•ONSET TIME IS UNDETERMINED
•CONSISTS OF ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS AND PERIODONTAL POCKET FORMATION
Term
WHEN PLAQUE IS PRESENT, ___________ DEVELOPS QUICKLY, SIMILAR TO A _____________
Definition
•INFLAMMATION
•SPLINTER IN THE SKIN
Term
IN HEALTHY GINGIVA:
Definition
•THERE IS LITTLE SUPRAGINGIVAL PLAQUE ACCUMULATION
•PMNs MIGRATE THROUGH THE JE INTO THE GINGIVAL CREVICE AND OUT INTO THE ORAL CAVITY
Term
WHAT HAPPENS DURING THE INITIAL LESION STAGE?
Definition
•VASCULAR CHANGES OCCUR WITHIN 24 HOURS (IN THE LAMINA PROPRIA)
•BLOOD VESSELS BECOME ENGORGED, MORE BLOOD BROUGHT TO THE AREA
•INCREASED PERMEABILITY OF THE VESSELS ALLOW FLUID, PROTEINS, AND CELLS TO MIGRATE OUT INTO THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES
•GCF FLOW INCREASES
•PROTEINS LEAVE VESSELS AND TRAVEL INTO CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•PMNs EXUTE FROM VESSELS INTO TISSUES AND ACCUMULATE IN THE JE AND SULCUS
Term
DURING THE EARLY LESION, ABOUT ____ OF ___________ IS DESTROYED
Definition
•60% OF COLLAGEN
Term
DURING THE EARLY LESION, AS THE # OF _________ AND ________ ENTER THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE THE # OF ____________ DECREASE
Definition
•T-LYMPHOCYTES AND PMNS
•FIBROBLASTS (THEREFOR, COLLAGEN PRODUCTION IS DECREASED)
Term
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE JE CELLS DURING THE EARLY STAGE?
Definition
•THEY PROLIFERATE
Term
ASIDE FROM THERE BEING A DECREASED # OF FIBROBLASTS DURING THE EARLY STAGE, HOW ELSE IS COLLAGEN DESTROYED?
Definition
•VIA ENZYMES (TO MAKE ROOM FOR THE GROWING INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNE CELL MIGRATION INTO THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE)
Term
DURING THE ESTABLISHED LESION, THE JE TRANSFORMS) INTO:
Definition
•POCKET EPITHELIUM (WHICH IS A MORE PERMEABLE PASSAGEWAY FROM CT TO THE SULCUS OR POCKET
Term
DURING THE ESTABLISHED LESION, THE GINGIVITIS IS KNOWN AS _____________
Definition
•CHRONIC GINGIVITIS
Term
DURING THE ADVANCED STAGE, THE PERIO POCKET GETS DEEPER AS:
Definition
•THE POCKET EPITHELIUM DISTENDS LATERALLY AND APICALLY
Term
HOW DO THE ADVANCED AND ESTABLISHED LESIONS COMPARE?
Definition
•THE ADVANCED LESION HAS ALL OF THE FEATURES OF THE ESTABLISHED LESION, EXCEPT NOW IT IS PERIODONTITIS
Term
THE CELLS THAT PREDOMINATE DURING THE EARLY STAGE ARE:
Definition
•T-CELLS
Term
THE CELLS THAT PREDOMINATE DURING THE INITIAL STAGE ARE:
Definition
•PMNs AND SOME MACROPHAGES
Term
THE CELLS THAT PREDOMINATE DURING THE ESTABLISHED STAGE ARE:
Definition
•B-CELLS AND PLASMA CELLS
Term
THE CELLS THAT PREDOMINATE DURING THE ESTABLISHED STAGE ARE:
Definition
•PLASMA CELLS (B-CELLS)
Term
IN THE GINGIVAL POCKET DURING GINGIVITIS, THE GINGIVAL MARGIN MIGRATES __________ (GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT)
Definition
•CORONALLY
Term
DURING GINGIVITIS, THE JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM:
Definition
•DOES NOT MIGRATE APICALLY (THERE IS NO LOSS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE ATTACHMENT)
Term
DURING GINGIVITIS, THE POCKET EPITHELIUM MIGRATES ___________
Definition
•LATERALLY
Term
WHAT HAPPENS FIRST IN THE HOST RESPONSE TO GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION?
Definition
•THE TISSUE BECOMES RED (ERYTHEMATOUS) BECAUSE THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THE LAMINA PROPRIA ARE ENGORGED
•CAUSING BOP
Term
AAP
Definition
•AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PERIODONTOLOGY
Term
THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PERIODONTITIS IS __________________
Definition
•GINGIVITIS CAUSED
Term
PLAQUE INDUCED GINGIVAL DISEASES
Definition
•GINGIVITIS CAUSED BY BACTERIAL BIOFILM
•MOST COMMON PERIODONTAL DISEASE
•INFLAMMATION BEGINS AT THE GINGIVAL MARGIN AND SPREADS FROM THERE
•RECOGNITION OF GINGIVITIS IS MADE CLINICALLY
Term
WHY DOES PUBERTY CAUSE GINGIVITIS?
Definition
•BECAUSE OF THE ELEVATION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE HORMONES
Term
BESIDES STEROID HORMONES, WHAT OTHER RISK FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN PUBERTY GINGIVITIS?
Definition
•REDUCED PLAQUE CONTROL
•MOUTH BREATHING
•TOOTH CROWDING
•TOOTH ERUPTION
Term
WHY DOES PREGNANCY CAUSE GINGIVITIS?
Definition
•BECAUSE OF THE ELEVATION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE HORMONES
Term
PREGNANCY GINGIVITIS INCIDENCE RANGES FROM ___ - ___
Definition
•30-100%
Term
PRENANCY GINGIVITIS IS ESPECIALLY SEEN IF THERE IS:
Definition
•PRE-EXISTING GINGIVITIS (MOST SEVERE IN THE 8TH MONTH WHEN HORMONE LEVELS ARE AT THEIR PEAK)(REGRESSES POSTPARTUM)
Term
IN PREGNANCY GINGIVITIS, INCREASED TOOTH MOBILITY IS CAUSED BY:
Definition
•THE "LOOSENESS" OF THE PDL
Term
GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION IS NOT CAUSED BY THE PREGNANCY ITSELF, BUT BY:
Definition
•THE SHIFTS IN HORMONE LEVELS WHICH AGGRAVATE THE INFLAMMATION
Term
WHAT BACTERIA IS ELEVATED IN ALL HORMONAL-ASSOCIATED GINGIVITIS?
Definition
•PREVOTELLA INTERMEDIA (ITS GROWTH INCREASES WITH INCREASED PROGESTERONE LEVELS)
Term
DIABETES MELLITUS-ASSOCIATED GINGIVITIS, GINGIVAL TISSUE CHANGES DUE TO ELEVATION OF __________________
Definition
•BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS (HYPERGLYCEMIA)
Term
DIABETES MELLITUS-ASSOCIATED GINGIVITIS IS MOST COMMON IN:
Definition
•CHILDREN WITH POORLY CONTROLLED TYPE 1 DIABETES
Term
LEUKEMIA-ASSOCIATED GINGIVITIS IS CAUSED BY:
Definition
•ABNORMAL PROLIFERATION OF WBC IN BLOOD AND BONE MARROW
•INFLAMMATION STARTS AT INTERDENTAL PAPILLAE AND SPREADS TO THE ATTACHED GINGIVA
Term
WHAT ARE THE COMMON MEDS THAT CAUSE GINGIVITIS?
Definition
•PHENYTOIN (SEIZURES)
•CYCLOSPORIN (ORGAN TRANSPLANTS)
•CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (CARDIO DISEASE)
•SODIUM VAPORATE (ANTIDEPRESSANT/ANTICONVULSANT)
Term
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, TODAY, DO NOT CAUSE GINGIVITIS AS MUCH AS IN THE PAST BECAUSE:
Definition
•THEY USE LESS CONCENTRATION OF HORMONES THAN BEFORE
Term
IN NON-PLAQUE-INDUCED GINGIVITIS, THE LESIONS APPEAR AS:
Definition
•FIERY RED, EDEMATOUS, PAINFUL ULCERATIONS
Term
THE BACTERIA THAT IS MOST ASSOCIATED WITH NON PLAQUE INDUCED GINGIVITIS IS:
Definition
•NEISSERIA GONORRHEA
•TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
•STREPTOCOCCI SP.
Term
VIRUSES THAT CAN CAUSE GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION ARE:
Definition
•HERPES VIRUSES (HERPES SIMPLEX, PRIMARY HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS, CARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS)
Term
FUNGAL INFECTIONS THAT CAN CAUSE GINGIVAL DISEASES ARE:
Definition
•CANDIDIASIS
•HISTOPLASMOSIS
•ASPERGIOLLOSIS
Term
WHAT GENETIC FACTOR CAN CAUSE GINGIVAL DISEASE?
Definition
•HEREDITARY GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS
•CAUSES FIBROTIC, ENLARGE GINGIVA
•RARE
Term
LESIONS INVOLVING THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES ARE:
Definition
•EROSIVE LICHEN PLANUS
•BENIGN MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID
•BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
•PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS
Term
DESQUAMATION
Definition
•PEELING OF THE ORAL EPITHELIUM
•EXPOSING RED, PAINFUL, UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE TISSUE SURFACE
Term
WHAT ARE SOME THINGS THAT THE GINGIVAL TISSUES COULD HAVE AN ALLERGIC REACTION TO, CAUSING GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION?
Definition
•MOUTHRINSES
•DENTIFRICES
•GUM
•FOOD/ADDITIVES
•RESTORATIVE MATERIALS
Term
WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF TRAUMATIC LESIONS THAT COULD CAUSE GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION?
Definition
•THERMAL
-HOT BEVERAGES
-PIZZA
•CHEMICAL
-SLOUGHING OF TISSUES FROM ORAL RINSES/DENTIFRICES
-ASPIRIN BURN
•PHYSICAL
-TOOTH BRUSHING
-FLOSSING
-TOOTHPICKS
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