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PERIODONTOLOGY
PERIODONTOLOGY CHAPTER 4
55
Dentistry
Undergraduate 1
05/31/2014

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Term
GINGIVITIS
Definition
•INFLAMMATION OF GINGIVAL TISSUES
•NO CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LOSS
•NO BONE LOSS
Term
PERIODONTITIS
Definition
•CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LOSS
•DESTRUCTION OF GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE FOLLOWED BY APICAL MIGRATION OF THE JE
•BONE LOSS
Term
INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
Definition
•INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GINGIVITIS
Term
IMMUNE PROCESS
Definition
•INFLUENCES PERIODONTITIS
Term
THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS AND THE IMMUNE PROCESS HAPPEN ______________
Definition
•SIMULTANEOUSLY
Term
HOST CELLS
Definition
•THOSE NORMALLY FOUND IN THE BODY
•NEEDED TO FIGHT OFF INFECTION
•RESPONSIBLE FOR BOTH HOST DEFENSE AND TISSUE DESTRUCTION
Term
EXAMPLES OF HOST CELLS ARE:
Definition
•MACROPHAGES
•LYPHOCYTES
•PMNs (NEUTROPHILS)
Term
WHAT ARE THE 3 MODELS OF DISEASE ACTIVITY?
Definition
•CONTINUOUS
•RANDOM
•ASYNCHRONOUS MULTIPLE BURST
Term
CONTINUOUS MODEL THEORY
Definition
•SLOW AND CONSTANT PROCESS THROUGHOUT AGING
Term
RANDOM BURST THEORY
Definition
•AKA: EPISODIC RANDOM BURST THEORY
•SHORT BURST OF ACTIVITY FOLLOWED BY REMISSION
•SITE SPECIFIC***
Term
ASYNCHRONOUS MULTIPLE BURST THEORY
Definition
•ACTIVITY OCCURS DURING A LIMITED TIME PERIOD FOLLOWED BY REMISSION
•CAN RECUR
Term
PERIODONTITIS DOES NOT DEVELOP UNLESS ____________ EXISTED PREVIOUSLY
Definition
•GINGIVITIS
Term
IN ORDER FOR GINGIVITIS TO PROGRESS INTO PERIODONTITIS, WHAT THINGS HAVE TO BE PRESENT?
Definition
•A DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF GOOD BACTERIA
•A CRITICAL MASS OF BAD BACTERIA
•A CONDUCTIVE (OR FAVORABLE) ENVIRONMENT TO CAUSE DISEASE
•A SUSCEPTIBLE HOST THAT REACTS TO THE PATHOGENS
Term
WHAT ARE THE EARLY COLONIZERS?
Definition
•GRAM (+) FACULTATIVE BACTERIA (CAN LIVE WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN)
-STREPTOCOCCI AND ACTINOMYCES
Term
WHAT TYPES OF BACTERIA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PERIODONTITIS?
Definition
•PORPHYRROMONAS GINGIVALIS
•FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM
•EIKENELLA CORRODENS
•AA
•PREVOTELLA INTERMEDIA
Term
BACTERIA RELEASE ____________ THAT ARE __________ TO CELLS AND TISSUES
Definition
•ANTIGENS
•TOXIC
Term
WHAT ARE THE 2 MOST COMMON EXAMPLES OF BY-PRODUCTS?
Definition
•AMMONIA (TOXIC TO MOST CELLS)
•HYDROGEN SULFIDE (INCREASES EPITHELIAL PERMEABILITY TO LET ANTIGENS IN)
Term
HYALURONIDASE
Definition
•BREAKS DOWN CEMENTING SUBSTANCES BETWEEN CELLS, MAKING WIDER INTERCELLULAR SPACES, INCREASING PERMEABILITY
Term
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES
Definition
•MMPs
•BREAK DOWN INTRACELLULAR MATRIX
Term
WHAT ARE THE ORAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE SUPRAGINGIVAL ENVIRONMENT?
Definition
•SALIVA
•ORAL EPITHELIUM
•SHEDDING OF EPITHELIAL CELLS
Term
WHAT ARE THE ORAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE GINGIVAL CREVICE?
Definition
•GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (WHICH COMES FROM THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THE LP)
Term
WHAT ARE THE ORAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE (LP)?
Definition
•LOCATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNE CELLS
Term
WHY IS KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM GOOD?
Definition
•IT PREVENTS BACTERIA AND BY-PRODUCTS FROM ENTERING THE UNDERLYING TISSUES
Term
THE INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE RESPONSE WORKS TOGETHER TO:
Definition
•ELIMINATE BACTERIA
•LIMIT FURTHER TISSUE DESTRUCTION
•BEGIN HEALING PHASE
Term
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Definition
•NONSPECIFIC REACTION TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INVADING BACTERIA
•IF INEFFECTIVE, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN OCCUR
•CAN BE GOOD OR BAD
Term
MICROSCOPIC MILD INFLAMMATORY REACTION CONSISTS OF:
Definition
•PMNs IN THE JE MOVE INTO THE GINGIVAL CREVICE FROM THE LP
Term
ALL BLOOD VESSELS ARE LOCATED IN THE _________ NOT THE ___________
Definition
•LAMINA PROPRIA NOT THE EPITHELIUM
Term
WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS?
Definition
•BIOFILM AT GINGIVAL MARGIN FORMS
•INFLAMMATION STARTS
•GINGIVAL TISSUES REACT TO BACTERIA AFTER 72 HOURS
•ACUTE INFLAMMATION
•FIRST INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IS VASCULAR - RESULTING IN CHANGING IN THE LAMINA PROPRIA
Term
IS EPITHELIUM VASCULAR OR AVASCULAR?
Definition
•AVASCULAR
Term
WHAT IS THE FIRST RESPONSE IN THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS?
Definition
•VASODILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS IN THE LAMINA PROPRIA RESULTING IN INCREASED PERMEABILITY
Term
PROSTAGLANDINS
Definition
•FOUND IN CELL MEMBRANES
•INVOLVED IN VASODILATION
•CAUSE PAIN AND BONE LOSE
Term
HISTAMINE
Definition
•RELEASED FROM MAST CELLS
•CAUSES INCREASED PERMEABILITY OF BLOOD VESSELS
Term
THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS CAUSES ___________ GCF FLOW
Definition
•INCREASED
Term
NEUTROPHIL
Definition
•FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE
•PHAGOCYTIC CELL
•LIVE ONLY 5 DAYS OUTSIDE OF BONE MARROW
Term
MACROPHAGE
Definition
•THE "OTHER" PHAGOCYTIC CELL
•IN BLOOD, IT'S CALLED A MONOCYTE
•REMAIN IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE FOR MONTHS
•PRODUCE AND SECRETE CYTOKINES
•CAUSE DAMAGE TO HOST TISSUE
Term
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CYTOKINES RELEASED BY MACROPHAGES?
Definition
•INTERLEUKIN-1 (IL-1)
•TNF
Term
OPSONIZATION
Definition
•ANTIBODIES THAT BIND TO THE SURFACE OF BACTERIA AND COAT IT SO THEY ARE MORE EASILY IDENTIFIED BY PMNs AND MACROPHAGES AND SWALLOWED
Term
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
Definition
•GROUP OF PLASMA PROTEINS THAT DESTROY ANTIGENS AND ATTRACT PMNs
•ACTIVATED WHEN ANTIBODIES BIND TO ANTIGENS (CLASSIC)
•CAN ALSO BE ACTIVATED BY ENDOTOXINS
Term
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF IMMUNE RESPONSE?
Definition
•HUMORAL
•CELLULAR
Term
IF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE CANNOT ELIMINATE THE ANTIGENS EFFECTIVELY:
Definition
•THE IMMUNE RESPONSE COMES INTO PLAY
Term
IMMUNE RESPONSE
Definition
•MACROPHAGES PRESENT ANTIGENS TO B-CELLS OR B-CELLS RECOGNIZE THE ANTIGENS
•B-CELLS TRANSFORM INTO PLASMA AND MEMORY CELLS
•PLASMA CELLS SECRETE ANTIBODIES
Term
DURING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE, ______________ AND ________________ CAUSE BONE RESORPTION
Definition
•CYTOKINES
•PROSTAGLANDINS
Term
HUMORAL IMMUNITY IS TRIGGERED DURING ___________ AND ACTIVATED WHEN _______________
Definition
•BACTERIAL INFECTIONS (PERIODONTAL DISEASE)
•THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IS INADEQUATE
Term
THE MAJOR CELLS IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ARE:
Definition
•LYMPHOCYTES
Term
DURING IMMUNE RESPONSE, THE LYMPHOCYTES ORIGINATE IN THE ____________
Definition
•LAMINA PROPRIA
Term
THE 3 TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE ARE:
Definition
•B CELLS (MEDIATORS OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY)
•T CELLS (MEDIATORS OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY)
•NK CELLS
Term
DURING HUMORAL IMMUNITY, B LYMPHOCYTES ARE TRANSFORMED INTO ____________
Definition
•PLASMA CELLS, WHICH MAKE ANTIBODIES
Term
DURING HUMORAL IMMUNITY, WHICH ANTIBODY PRODOMINATES?
Definition
•IgG
Term
______________ ARE FOUND IN THE LAMINA PROPRIA AT SITES WITH PERIODONTITIS
Definition
•B CELLS (IN 90% OF CASES)
Term
CELLULAR IMMUNITY
Definition
•EFFECTIVE AGAINST VIRUSES (HIV), FUNGI, AND CANCERS
Term
DURING CELLULAR IMMUNITY, ____ CELLS MIGRATE FROM _________ INTO _________ AND __________
Definition
•T-CELLS
•BLOOD
•GINGIVAL TISSUES AND LYMPH NODES
Term
WHAT ARE THE 2 SUBSETS OF T-CELLS?
Definition
•HELPER T-CELLS (CD4)
•SUPPRESSOR T-CELLS (CD8)
Term
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF CD8 T-CELLS?
Definition
•TO MONITOR ALL OF THE CELLS OF THE BODY AND KILL FOREIGN ANTIGENS
Term
CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS
Definition
•AKA: KILLER CELLS
•HELP KEEP VIRUS-INFECTED OR MALIGNANT CELLS IN CHECK
Term
MICROSCOPIC MILD INFLAMMATORY REACTION CONSISTS OF:
Definition
•PMNs IN THE JE MOVE INTO THE GINGIVAL CREVICE FROM THE LP
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