Term
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Definition
-solids (s)
-liquids (l)
-gases (g) |
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Term
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Definition
-metals
-non-metals
-semi-metals |
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Term
| how the Periodic Table is arranged |
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Definition
| arranged in rows of increasing atomic number and columns of increasing valence shells |
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Term
| periodicity (or "periodic trend") |
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Definition
| similarities across rows and down columns of the periodic table |
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Term
| ionization (potential) energy |
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Definition
| the energy required for the process: X --> X+ + e–, in the gas phase; basically the energy needed to remove an electron |
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Term
| the periodic trend for ionization energy |
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Definition
| increases "left to right" and increases "bottom to top"; increases as you go northeast |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy associated with the process: X + e– --> X–, also in the gas phase; basically an atom's pull on electrons |
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Term
| the periodic trend for electron affinity |
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Definition
increases "left to right" and increases "bottom to top"; increases as you go northeast
also becomes more favorable as it increases |
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Term
| periodic trend for atomic radius |
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Definition
| increases "right to left" and increases "top to bottom"; increases as you go southwest |
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Term
| periodic trend for effective nuclear charge (Zeff) |
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Definition
| increases "left to right" and increases "bottom to top"; increases as you go northeast |
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Term
| ionic radius of cations vs. ionic radius of anions |
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Definition
| cations (+) are smaller than the corresponding atom; anions (–) are larger than the corresponding atom |
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Term
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Definition
| the situation corresponding to an atom having 8 valence electrons; very stable "noble gas configuration" |
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Term
| effective nuclear charge (Zeff) |
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Definition
| the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a many-electron atom; this charge is not the full nuclear charge because there is some shielding of the nucleus by the other electrons in the atom |
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