includes all forms of energy that travel through space in the form of waves

electromagnetic spectrum

refers to the distance

between two adjacent waves

wavelength

numerical value for the speed

of all electromagnetic radiation

3 x 10⁸ m/s

the number of waves that

pass a given point in a specific time

frequency

color of light having the shortest wavelength

violet

color of light having the longest wavelength

red

formula that relates wavelength and frequency

c = wl x freq

proportional relationship between

wavelength and frequency

inversely proportional

proportional relationship

between energy and frequency

directly proportional

term for lowest energy state

of electrons in

an atoms

ground state

emission of light from metals

that have absorbed energy

photoelectric effect

formula that relates energy to frequency

E = hv

numerical value of Planck's constant

6.626 X 10^-34 J ^. s

 any energy state of an atom

higher than ground state

excited state

unit used to measure frequency of light

1/s or hertz (Hz)

an electron moving from ground state to the excited state must _____ energy

absorb

an electron moving from a higher to lower energy state must _____ energy

emit energy

effect that supports the

particle nature of light

photoelectric effect

produced by electrons, this supports the

wavelike nature of particles

diffraction pattern

states it is impossible to simultaneously

determine the velocity and position of an electron

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

he is developed the "planetary model"

 of

the atom

Bohr

a 3-dimensional region around the nucleus

that represents the most probable

location of the electron

orbital

he developed the first periodic table

based upon atomic number

Moseley

he developed the first periodic table

based upon atomic mass 

Mendeleev

spherical orbital located in each energy level

s

set of dumbbell shaped orbitals located

on the x, y, and z axis

p

principle that states electrons

occupy the lowest energy orbital first

Aufbau principle

states that electrons fill orbitals of equal

energy before a second electron is added

Hund's Rule 

groups on the periodic table

make up the s-block

groups 1 and 2

groups on the periodic table

that make up the p-block

13-18

groups on the periodic table

that make up the d-block

3-12

type of elements located mostly in

the s, d, and f blocks

metals

blocks referred to as the

main-group elements

s and p

elements that have properties

of metals and nonmetals

metalloids

types of orbitals that occupy the

4th energy level

s, p, d, f

name for the elements in

groups 3-12

transition elements

name for the elements with

atomic numbers 58-71

lanthanide series

name for the elements with

atomic numbers 90-103 

actinide series

most reactive family of metals

alkali metals

most reactive family of nonmetals

halogens

least reactive family of elements

noble gases

block on the periodic table

containing the nonmetals

p

term for electrons in the outermost

energy level

valence electrons

term for 8 electrons in the outermost

energy level

octet

term for elements that make up

the f-block

rare earth elements

or inner transition elements

how to determine the number of

valence electrons in groups 13-18

subtract 10 from the group number

term for (+) ions and the type of

element that forms them

cation; metals

term for (-) ions and the type of

element that forms them

anion; nonmetals

family name for group 1

alkali metals

family name for group 2

alkaline earth metals