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Periodic Law Key Terms
Chapter 5 Key Terms
18
Chemistry
Not Applicable
03/17/2004

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Term
actinide
Definition
The 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 (thorium, Th) to 103 (lawrencium, Lr)
Term
lanthanide
Definition
the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 (cerium, ce) to 71 (lutetium, Lu)
Term
periodic law
Definition
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
Term
periodic table
Definition
an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with simliar properties fall in the same column, or group
Term
alkali metals
Definition
The elements of Group 1 of the periodic table (lithium, sodium, potassium, rbuidium, cesium, and francium)
Term
alkaline-earth metals
Definition
The elements of Group 2 of the periodic table (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium)
Term
transition elements
Definition
The d-block elements are metals with typical metallic properties
Term
main-group elements
Definition
The p-block elements together together with the s-block elements
Term
halogens
Definition
The elements of Group 17 (fluroine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine)
Term
atomic radius
Definition
One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
Term
ion
Definition
atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge
Term
ionization
Definition
Any process that results in the formation of an ion
Term
ionization energy, IE
Definition
The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element
Term
electron affinity
Definition
The energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom
Term
cation
Definition
A positive ion
Term
anion
Definition
A negative ion
Term
valence electrons
Definition
The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds
Term
electronegativity
Definition
a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
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