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Performance and Safety
chapter 9 - kremkau
33
Physics
Undergraduate 1
03/13/2011

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Term
tissue-equivalent phantom
Definition
an attenuation of about 0.5 dB/cm-MHz and a propagation speed of 1.54 mm/us.
Term
test object
Definition
does not mimic tissue but provides a means for measuring some aspect of instrument performance.
Term
axial resolution
Definition
nylon fibers, simulated cysts, minimal spacing of separately displayed fibers
Term
lateral resolution
Definition
nylon fibers, simulated cysts, lateral smearing of fibers
Term
range accuracy
Definition
nylon fibers, fibers distances from transducer or from each other on the display
Term
caliper accuracy
Definition
nylon fibers, fibers distances from the trasducer or from each other on the display
Term
contrast resolution
Definition
hyperechoic and hypoechoic
Term
compensation
Definition
attenuating scattering material, gain setting
Term
sensitivity
Definition
attenuating scattering material, deepest scattering material imaged
Term
dynamic range
Definition
attenuating scattering material, gain setting, deepest scattering material imaged
Term
beam profile
Definition
thin scattering layer
Term
section thickness
Definition
thin scattering layer
Term
test objects and phantoms
Definition
available commercially
Term
moving string test
Definition
useful in checking the accuracy of dopplar spectral displays.
Term
flow phantom
Definition
useful in simulating physiologic flow conditions for a dopplar instrument
Term
tissue
Definition
tissue-equivalent phantoms attempt to represent this property
Term
can be measured or calculated by a hydrophone
Definition
amplitude, period, pulse duration, pulse repetition period
Term
needle hydrophone
Definition
contains small transducer element
Term
hydrophone
Definition
produces a voltage
Term
you can find the frequency if you know the
Definition
period
Term
you can find the pulse duration frequency if you know the
Definition
pulse repetition period
Term
you can find the duty factor if you know the
Definition
pulse repetition period and pulse duration
Term
you can find the wavelength if you know the
Definition
frequency and period
Term
you can find energy if you know the
Definition
power and exposure time
Term
you can find the intensity if you know the
Definition
power and beam area
Term
PVDF
Definition
piezoelectric material commonly used in hydrophones
Term
bandwidth
Definition
importand characteristic of material used in hydrophones
Term
SATA intensity
Definition
heating depends most directly on
Term
peak rarefactional pressure
Definition
conditions under which cavitaion may occur
Term
100 mW/cm SPTA
Definition
bioeffects have been observed in experimental animals with intensities greater than
Term
1 W/cm SPTA
Definition
bioeffects have been observed in experimental animals with focused intensities greater than
Term
10 W/cm SPTA
Definition
focal lesions have been observed in experimental animals with intensities greater than
Term
only when indicated, with minimum intensity, and minimum time
Definition
exposure is minimized by using diagnostic ultrasound
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