Term
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Definition
| the school of psychology that stressed the importance of wholes or forms or configurations. |
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Term
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Definition
| “The whole is more than the sum of the parts” is a basic definition of? |
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Term
| People who like the Gestalt approach argue that we perceive objects as well-organized wholes. |
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Definition
| People who like the Gestalt approach argue that we p_______ objects as w____-o_______ wholes. |
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Term
| Koffka, Kohler and Wertheimer |
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Definition
| Three important psychologists in Gestalt theory were ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who introduced Gestalt theory to America? |
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Term
| Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967) |
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Definition
| did experimental demonstrations of “insight” (Sultan). |
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Term
| Kohler is also responsible for beginning transposition studies and also did Umweg studies. |
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Definition
| Kohler is also responsible for beginning t_______ s_______ and also did U_____ studies. |
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Term
| For a Gestalt psychologist insight is a reorganization of the perceptual field. For a behaviorist insight is a change in behavior. |
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Definition
| For a G______ p________ insight is a reorganization of the p______ field. For a b_______insight is a change in b________. |
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Term
| Max Wertheimer, the phi phenomenon |
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Definition
| investigated apparent movement which is based on ___ _____ _______n. |
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Term
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Definition
| The perception of movement created by the successive blinking of adjacent lights is called what? |
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Term
| Continuity, proximity, similarity, closure, familiarity, and common fate are basic Gestalt principles of perception. |
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Definition
| C________ty , p_______, s_________ , c_____e , f______ity, and c___ f_____ are basic Gestalt principles of perception. |
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Term
| The law of continuity or good continuation |
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Definition
| This law says that connected spots that form a smooth line will be seen as together. |
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Term
| The principle of proximity |
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Definition
| This principle says that objects that are physically close will be perceived as a group. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Gestalt principle that refers to the tendency to group together things that are similar to each other |
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Term
| the principle of closure. |
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Definition
| tendency to see complete letters on a neon sign, even though some of the bulbs are burnt out, illustrates ? |
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Term
| The law of familiarity or meaningfulness |
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Definition
| says familiar objects tend to form groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| can be illustrated by things moving in the same direction. |
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Term
| The law of Pragnanz (good Gestalt), the law of good figure, or the law of simplicity. |
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Definition
| The general Gestalt principle that all the principles led to were called what? (the l__ of P___ (good Gestalt), the l____ of g___ f___, or the l___ of s______ty |
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Term
| An illustration of the law of Pragnanz is the Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks longer than finished tasks. |
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Definition
| An illustration of the law of P_____z is the Z____ effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks longer than finished tasks. |
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Term
| In an illusory contour figure you will see contours that are not physically present. |
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Definition
| In an i_____ c_______ figure you will see c_______s that are not physically present. |
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Term
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Definition
| A very basic Gestalt concept is that of F_____-G_______ |
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Term
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Definition
| the perception of an object as distinct from its surroundings. |
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Term
| In an ambiguous figure-ground, what is figure one moment may be ground in the next moment |
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Definition
| In an a____ f____-g_______, what is f________ one moment may be g_____ in the next moment |
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Term
| In perception a heuristic is a rule of thumb, but an heuristic experiment is one that generates more research (two different definitions). |
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Definition
| In perception a heuristic is a r____of t____, but an heuristic ex______, however, is one that generates more research |
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Term
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Definition
| is a systematic approach to problem solution (“the opposite of a heuristic”). |
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Term
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Definition
| P______ is the fuzzy border of a shadow and u_____ is the shadow. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the apparent amount of light coming from an object. |
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Term
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Definition
| L_______ is the intensity of light reflected from a surface, the apparent whiteness or grayness of an object. |
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Term
| Illuminance is when light strikes a surface while luminance is the light reflected. |
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Definition
| I_________ is when light strikes a surface while l________ is the light reflected. |
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Term
| Size, shape, lightness, and color |
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Definition
| WHat are the four types of constancies? (hints: s, sh, li, and c) |
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Term
| The main function of perception is to decode the transient retinal image in order to achieve constancy. |
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Definition
| The main function of p_______ is to d________ the t____ r______ i____ in order to achieve c_________. |
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Term
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Definition
| is our tendency to perceive size independent of retinal image. |
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Term
| If size perception were based on retinal image size, horses would get smaller as they rode away. |
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Definition
| If size perception were based on retinal image size, horses would get s______ as they rode away. |
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Term
| misapplied size constancy theory, Muller-Lyer illusion |
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Definition
| The m____ s____ c_____ constancy theory is one possible explanation for the M_____ - L_____ illusion. |
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Term
| Ponzo illusion ((wiki note: the Ponzo illusion is judging an object's size based on its background) |
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Definition
| The misapplied size constancy theory may also explain the P___ I_____ |
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Term
| The apparent distance hypothesis |
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Definition
| a possible explanation of the moon illusion is? |
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Term
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Definition
| S___ c____ is our tendency to perceive s_____ independent of retinal image. |
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Term
| Lightness constancy is our tendency to consider surfaces the same despite changes in illumination. |
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Definition
| L_____ c_______ is our tendency to consider surfaces the same despite changes in illumination. |
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Term
| Our perception of lightness constancy is controlled by ratios not by absolutes. |
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Definition
| Our perception of lightness constancy is controlled by r______ not by a_________. |
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Term
| Changes of illumination will leave color constant until the Purkinje shift occurs. |
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Definition
| Changes of i________ will leave color constant until the P______ shift occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is occurring when you leave class after dark and all of the cars in the dimly lit parking lot are gray except yours, which is still yellow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a stimulus that leads to erroneous perception in almost all members of a species |
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Term
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Definition
| a perception that is not shared by other members of the species |
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Term
| Illusions are not conceptual but perceptual |
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Definition
| Illusions are not c_____ but p_______ |
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Term
| Illusions do not originate in the retina. |
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Definition
| Illusions do? or do not? originate in the retina? |
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Term
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Definition
| Illusions do? or do not? result from the movements of the eye? |
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Term
| The human responses to visible light intensity, wavelength, and purity are, in the same order, brightness, hue and saturation |
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Definition
| The human responses to visible light i_____ , wavelength, and p_____ are, in the same order, brightness, h____ and s______ |
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Term
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Definition
| Color is primarily determined by w______ |
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Term
| The addition of other wavelengths to a monochromatic light reduces its saturation. |
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Definition
| The addition of other w_______ to a m_______c light reduces its saturation. |
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Term
| A fully saturated color is a very vivid color. Depth or paleness of a color refers to its saturation. |
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Definition
| A fully s_______ color is a very v_____ color. Depth or p______ of a color refers to its s________. |
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Term
| All of the perceptible colors can be matched by the proper mix of three primary colors no two of which are complementary to each other. |
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Definition
| All of the perceptible colors can be matched by the proper mix of t_____ p______ colors, no two of which are c_________to each other. |
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Term
| Sources of light are additive. The additive color primaries are usually red, green and blue. |
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Definition
| Sources of light are a______. The a______color primaries are usually r___, g___and b____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paints and objects are always s_____mixtures |
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Term
| Reflectance tells us what percentage of light an object reflects. Objects with different colors selectively reflect different wavelengths. |
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Definition
| Reflectance tells us what p_______of light an object r______s. Objects with different colors selectively r____t different w_____ths. |
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Term
| Achromatic colors, white, black, and gray have flat reflectance curves. Chromatic colors are selectively reflected wavelengths. |
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Definition
| Ach______c colors, white, black, and gray have f____ reflectance curves. Ch_____ colors are selectively re_____d wavelengths. |
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Term
| There are about 2 million possible colors. The English language has 7,500 color names. |
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Definition
| There are about ______ possible colors. The English language has _____ color names. |
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Term
| Take white and black, add the primaries red, green, blue, and yellow. Add brown, gray, pink, orange, and purple and I can sort the laundry |
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Definition
| Take white and black, add the primaries red, green, blue, and yellow. Add brown, gray, pink, orange, and purple and I can s____ the l_____ |
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Term
| The photosensitive pigments, erythrolabe (red), chlorolabe (green), and cyanolabe (blue) refer respectively to the L, M, and S cones. |
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Definition
| The photosensitive pigments, e_____ , c_____, and cy_____ refer respectively to the L, M, and S cones. |
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Term
| Microspectrophotometry shows that the three cone pigments have different absorption curves. |
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Definition
| M_______try shows that the three cone pigments have different absorption curves. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. A pair of lights of different wavelengths that have the same effect on the visual system and appear to be the same are called what?? |
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Term
| The persistence of an image after the original physical stimulus but reversed is called a negative afterimage |
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Definition
| The persistence of an i_____ after the original phy____ sti_____ but reversed is called a n______ afterimage |
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Term
| According to the Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision, the human eye contains three types of cone pigments |
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Definition
| According to the _____-_______ theory of color vision, the human eye contains three t____ of cone p_____s |
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Term
| Opponent process theory states that a cell will increase its firing under one color and decrease its firing under another |
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Definition
| This theory states that a cell will i_____ its firing under one color and d______ its firing under another |
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Term
| The neural activity of the ganglion cells fits well with the opponent process theory. |
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Definition
| The n____ a_____ of the ganglion cells fits well with the opponent process theory. |
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Term
| Stimulating the receptive field of a double-opponent cell with a +R-G center and a +G-R surround will fire the most with a green light to the surround and a red light to the center. |
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Definition
| Stimulating the receptive field of a d_____ -opponent cell with a _____ center and a _____ surround will fire the most with a green light to the surround and a red light to the center. |
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Term
| Color constancy occurs when the changes in the spectrum of light reflected by the object does not change the color of the object. |
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Definition
| C_____ c______occurs when the changes in the spectrum of light reflected by the object does not change the color of the object. |
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Term
| Color adaptation and color contrast are two major factors in color constancy. |
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Definition
| Color a______ and color c_______ are two major factors in color constancy. |
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Term
| A person unable to distinguish traffic light colors on the basis of color alone is probably a male. |
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Definition
| A person unable to distinguish traffic light colors on the basis of color alone is probably a m____. |
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Term
| An eye whose receptors contain only one type of photopigment would not be able to see color. |
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Definition
| An eye whose receptors contain only one type of p_________ would not be able to see color. |
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Term
| A brightly colored painting only has different shades of gray for the true monochromat. |
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Definition
| A brightly colored painting only has different shades of gray for the true m________. |
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Term
| The term color-blind is inaccurate for most color-deficient individuals |
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Definition
| The term color-blind is i______ for most color-deficient individuals |
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Term
| A dichromat requires only two primary colors to match any other color. |
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Definition
| A d______ requires only two primary c_______ to match any other color. |
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Term
| A dichromat can be a protanope, a deuteranope or a tritanope. |
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Definition
| A dichromat can be a p_______e , a d______e or a t_________e. |
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Term
| Amongst the mammals only primates seem to be trichromates. |
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Definition
| Amongst the mammals only primates seem to be t__________. |
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Term
| In human females there may be some tetrachromates (4) whose sons tend to be color deficient. |
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Definition
| In human females there may be some t_________ whose sons tend to be color deficient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Because of the P______ s______ two colors that look equally bright during daylight may not look equally bright at dusk |
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Term
| A red car will look brighter at night than a blue car that looked the same brightness during daylight. |
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Definition
| A red car will look b_________ at night than a blue car that looked the same brightness during d______. |
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Term
| The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called depth perception. |
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Definition
| The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called d_____ p______. |
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Term
| Convergence and accomodation are oculomotor cues for depth perception |
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Definition
| C_______ and a________ are ocu______-m_______r cues for depth perception |
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Term
| Accommodation is changing focus by changing the shape of the lens |
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Definition
| A_______ is changing focus by changing the shape of the lens |
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Term
| Interposition, (incl. Occlusion, overlap) is a monocular depth cue. |
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Definition
| I__________, (incl. Occlusion, overlap) is a monocular depth cue. |
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Term
| Relative height, relative size, and familiar size are all monocular depth cues. |
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Definition
| R_____ h______ , relative s_____, and fa______ar size are all monocular depth cues. |
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Term
| Rectangles of different sizes give the appearance of depth although they are only 2D |
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Definition
| Rectangles of different sizes give the a______ of depth although they are only __ |
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Term
| Linear perspective, a monocular depth cue, is when two parallel lines appear to converge in the distance |
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Definition
| L_______ perspective, a monocular depth cue, is when two p_________ lines appear to converge in the d________ |
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Term
| Aerial perspective or haze, is a depth cue because distance objects are less clear. |
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Definition
| A______ p______ or haze, is a d____ cue because distance objects are less clear. |
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Term
| Shading or shadows may be a cue to depth perception because we are used to light coming from above |
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Definition
| Sh____ or sh_____s may be a cue to depth p______because we are used to light coming from a______ |
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Term
| Linear perspective, shading and interposition are cues used often by artists to produce depth in a painting |
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Definition
| L______ p_______, shading and i_______n are cues used often by artists to produce d____ in a painting |
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Term
| Texture gradient, a monocular cue, can be a depth perception cue in paintings or pictures |
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Definition
| T________ g________, a monocular cue, can be a depth perception cue in paintings or pictures |
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Term
| In motion parallax objects further form you than the fixation point move in the same direction as you. |
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Definition
| In m______ p_______ objects further form you than the fixation point move in the same direction as you. |
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Term
| In motion parallax notice that the nearer objects move quicker as well as towards you. |
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Definition
| In motion parallax notice that the n_____ objects move q______ as well as t______ you. |
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Term
| You are watching a movie and the house and the distant mountains are both moving with the camera, you know that they are using a fake backdrop. |
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Definition
| You are watching a movie and the house and the distant mountains are both moving with the camera, you know that they are using a f____ b______. |
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Term
| Monocular animals tested on the visual cliff show normal depth perception. |
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Definition
| Monocular animals tested on the visual cliff show n______ d_____ perception. |
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Term
| Monkeys raised with a patch over one eye will never have good binocular vision |
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Definition
| Monkeys raised with a patch over one eye will never have g_____ b_____ v____. |
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Term
| Binocular (retinal) disparity is an important cue for depth perception. |
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Definition
| Binocular (retinal) d________ is an important cue for d_____ p_______. |
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Term
| Convergence and retinal disparity are the binocular cues to depth perception. |
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Definition
| C___________ and r_________ disparity are the binocular cues to depth perception. |
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Term
| The stereoscope uses the depth cue of retinal disparity to produce 3-D vision. |
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Definition
| The s__________e uses the depth cue of retinal disparity to produce _-_ vision. |
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Term
| Auto stereoscopes do not need special monitors and goggles. |
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Definition
| Auto s_________ do not need special monitors and goggles. |
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Term
| We have crossed disparity in front of and uncrossed disparity behind our horopter. |
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Definition
| We have crossed disparity in front of and uncrossed disparity behind our h_______. |
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Term
| Wiki: a horopter is the sum of all points seen in binocular vision with the eyes fixed. |
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Definition
| Wiki: a h______ is the sum of all points seen in binocular vision with the eyes fixed. |
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Term
| Binocular information can help depth perception because the visual cortex has disparity-selective cells that respond to binocular disparity. |
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Definition
| B_______ i_________can help depth perception because the v______ cortex has disparity-s________cells that respond to binocular disparity. |
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Term
| If only one eye is stimulated a binocular depth cell will not respond. |
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Definition
| If only one eye is stimulated a binocular depth cell will do what?? |
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Term
| Binocular rivalry occurs when control of perception shifts from one eye to the other. |
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Definition
| Binocular r________ occurs when control of perception shifts from one eye to the other. |
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Term
| You scratch your cornea and the ophthalmologist makes you wear a patch. Which depth cue will you miss the most? (Answer: Retinal/Binocular disparity. All others will still work (the monocular driven ones). |
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Definition
| You scratch your cornea and the ophthalmologist makes you wear a patch. Which depth cue will you miss the most? |
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Term
| Animals have a variety of different depth perception capabilities, compare a cat, a rabbit, and a bat. |
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Definition
| A________ have a variety of different d______ p________ capabilities, compare a cat, a rabbit, and a bat. |
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Term
| The superior colliculus is an important area for the control of eye movements. |
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Definition
| The s________ c________ is an important area for the control of eye movements. |
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Term
| We are not aware of the small involuntary movements that our eyes are constantly making. |
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Definition
| We are not aware of the s_____ i_________ m________ that our eyes are constantly making. |
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Term
| If an image is kept in one position on the retina by mirrors, the image will fade from view. |
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Definition
| If an image is kept in one position on the retina by mirrors, the image will what? |
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Term
| If we attempt to stare at a point our eyes will make a slow drift away from the fixation point and jump back to the point. |
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Definition
| If we attempt to stare at a point our eyes will make a s______ d_____ away from the f______point and j_____ back to the point. |
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Term
| Eye movements to track a moving object are called smooth pursuit movements. You cannot do them without an object. (ex. Shooting clay pigeons..following them with your eyes). |
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Definition
| Eye movements to track a moving object are called s____ p____ m______ . You cannot do them without an o______ . (ex. Shooting clay pigeons..following them with your eyes). |
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Term
| If you quickly move your gaze from your paper to another paper you have made a saccadic eye movement. |
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Definition
| If you quickly move your gaze from your paper to another paper you have made a s_________c eye movement. |
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Term
| Autokinetic movement, induced movement, phi-phenomena, and movement aftereffect, are all illusions. |
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Definition
| Auto______ movement, i_____ movement, p__-phenomena, and movement af_____cts , are all illusions. |
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Term
| Autokinetic movement is when a spot of light in the dark appears to move or drift and appears to be caused by involuntary eye movements. |
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Definition
| Autokinetic movement is when a spot of l____ in the d____appears to move or dr___and appears to be caused by in_____ary e___ m______. |
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Term
| In induced movement the smaller and more enclosed stimulus appears to move relative to the larger and enclosing stimulus. |
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Definition
| In in____ed m_____ the smaller and more en_____ stimulus appears to move relative to the larger and enclosing stimulus. |
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Term
| A pigeon's head appears to move backwards when its body moves forward. This is an example of induced movement. |
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Definition
| A pigeon's head appears to move b______when its body moves forf______ward. This is an example of i_______d m_____t. |
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Term
| Flashing a series of still pictures in rapid succession is called stroboscopic motion, apparent movement or the “phi” phenomena. |
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Definition
| Flashing a series of still pictures in rapid succession is called str______ motion, app____nt movement or the “phi” phenomena. |
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Term
| If a wheel is rotating at 25 RPS (about 15 MPH) and the camera is taking 24 pictures per second, the wheel will appear to be slowly moving forward. |
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Definition
| If a wheel is rotating at 25 RPS (about 15 MPH) and the camera is taking 24 pictures per second, the wheel will appear to be sl_____ m______ f______d. |
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Term
| Movement aftereffects occur when you stare at a waterfall for a short period of time and then stare at a stationary scene that appears to move upwards. |
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Definition
| M______ af_____ts occur when you stare at a waterfall for a short period of time and then stare at a stationary scene that appears to move upwards. |
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Term
| Movement aftereffects occur when you stare at a waterfall for a short period of time and then stare at a stationary scene that appears to move upwards. |
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Definition
| M______ a________ occur when you stare at a waterfall for a short period of time and then stare at a stationary scene that appears to move u_____ds. |
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Term
| The periphery of the retina can detect moving objects better than stationary objects. |
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Definition
| The per_____ of the retina can detect m_______ objects better than st______ objects. |
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Term
| The rate of growth of the retinal image can be a signal of an impending collision. |
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Definition
| The rate of growth of the retinal image can be a signal of an i______ c_______. |
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Term
| If you move your eyeball with your finger on your eyelid you will see movement in the scene because the eye movement was passive and there was no corrolary discharge. |
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Definition
| If you m_____ your eyeball with your finger on your eyelid you will see m_____ in the scene because the eye movement was passive and there was no c______ discharge. |
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Term
| Simple biological motions can be recognized in a view of 1-second duration. (someone carrying a weight walks slightly different, for example) |
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Definition
| Simple b_______ m_______can be recognized in a view of 1-second duration. (someone carrying a weight walks slightly different, for example) |
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Term
| Biological motion studies have shown that gender can be identified from reflector tape attached to the limbs (another ex given by instructor .. how a female walks vs a male...) |
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Definition
| Biological motion studies have shown that g______can be identified from r_______ tape attached to the l______(another ex given by instructor .. how a female walks vs a male...) |
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Term
| Children learn to identify biological motion before 1 year of age but are not born with the ability. |
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Definition
| C______n learn to identify b_______motion before 1 year of age but are not born with the ability. |
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Term
| In the depth perception cue of motion parallax, notice that the nearer objects move quicker as well as towards you. |
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Definition
| In the d_____ p______cue of motion parallax, notice that the nearer objects move quicker as well as towards you. |
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Term
| In 1805 we see opium transformed into morphine and the beginning of the opium wars. |
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Definition
| In 1805 we see o____ transformed into m_____e and the beginning of the o___m wars. |
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Term
| The invention of the syringe in 1854 enabled the use of morphine in the U.S. Civil war. |
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Definition
| The invention of the s_____ge in 1854 enabled the use of morphine in the U.S. C____l war. |
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Term
| In 1898 morphine became heroin because morphine was too addictive. |
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Definition
| In 1898 morphine became h______ because morphine was too ad______ve. |
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Term
| 1909 saw the passage of the Opium Exclusion Act. |
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Definition
| 1909 saw the passage of the what act? |
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Term
| The Harrison Act, 1914, prohibited marijuana which has therapeutic and industrial use. |
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Definition
| The H_____Act, 1914, prohibited marijuana which has ther____tic and ind______ial use. |
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Term
| The Volstead Act, 1919, banned alcohol in the U.S., about 1 in 400 had an addiction, nowadays that would be about 750,000 people. |
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Definition
| The V______ Act, 1919, banned alcohol in the U.S., about 1 in 400 had an addiction, nowadays that would be about 750,000 people. |
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Term
| By 1930 1/3 of the people in prison were in for drug crimes, Lexington and Lompoc had been opened, and alcohol consumption exceeded that of 1919. |
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Definition
| By 1930 1/3 of the people in prison were in for d___ c____s, Lex_____n and L___poc had been opened, and alcohol consumption exceeded that of 1919. |
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Term
| The Volstead Act was repealed in 1933 but a criminal class had been established. |
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Definition
| The Volstead Act was repealed in 1933 but a cr____ c____s had been established. |
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Term
| Benzedrine was invented in 1927 and Methamphetamine Hydrochloride in 1930. |
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Definition
| B______rine was invented in 1927 and Me__________ Hydrochloride in 1930. |
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Term
| Albert Hofman discovered Lysergic Acid diethylamide LSD. |
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Definition
| Albert H____n discovered this hallucinogenic drug which is? |
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Term
| By the 50s there were serious problems with the new drugs. The “three strikes and you're out” law was passed in California. |
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Definition
| By the 50s there were serious problems with the new drugs. The “t.s.a.y.o.” (what is it?) law was passed in California. |
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Term
| Every army soldier leaving Vietnam in September 1971 had a urine sample taken and was interviewed about opiate use. |
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Definition
| Every ar__ soldier leaving Vietnam in September 1971 had a u___ sample taken and was interviewed about op____ use. |
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Term
| The DSMIV defines tolerance as reduced effectiveness of a drug. Heroin has a factor of 30, alcohol a factor of 2, marijuana? |
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Definition
| The DSMIV defines tolerance as r________ effectiveness of a drug. H______ has a factor of 30, al_____a factor of 2, marijuana? |
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Term
| For the DSM there are two types of dependence, physiological, (very medical model) and psychological which has no definition. |
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Definition
| For the DSM there are two types of dependence, ph_________al, (very medical model) and psyc_______l which has no definition. |
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Term
| Addiction is the outcome of tolerance and dependence. A meaningless label but may be useful and definitely widely used. |
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Definition
| A_______ is the outcome of tolerance and dep______. A meaningless label but may be useful and definitely w______ used. |
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Term
| If you exhibit withdrawal symptoms you are physiologically addicted. |
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Definition
| If you exhibit withdrawal symptoms you are ph_________ a_______ed. |
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Term
| The study of anti-psychotic drugs began in 1950 with the invention of Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), calming but not sedative. |
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Definition
| The study of anti-psychotic drugs began in 1950 with the invention of CH______e (Th____ine), calming but not sedative. |
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Term
| Valium arrived in 1963, according to a 1973 survey, 10% of American was using it. |
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Definition
| This drug, V______, arrived in 1963, according to a 1973 survey, 10% of American was using it. |
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Term
| Xanax was invented in 1984, (the patents on Valium had run out). It does not accumulate in the body, it is more addictive, and introduces a new problem, the rebound effect. |
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Definition
| X______was invented in 1984, (the patents on V_____ had run out). It does not accumulate in the body, it is more add______ve , and introduces a new problem, the r______ effect. |
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Term
| Xanax is prescribed by psychiatrists 30%, the rest by GPs (General Practictioners), for anxiety and depression. On the package it says, “Do not give for stress of everyday life”. |
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Definition
| Xanax is prescribed by psychiatrists 30%, the rest by _____, for anxiety and de______. On the package it says, “Do not give for stress of e_______ l___”. |
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Term
| Prozac was introduced in 1987, Virtual Prozac came in 1995, thanks to Jerry Adler. |
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Definition
| P_____c was introduced in 1987, V____l Prozac came in 1995, thanks to Jerry Ad__r. |
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Term
| Parcelsus (1493-1541) thought that magnetic fluids emanated from the hypnotist's body. |
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Definition
| P______s(1493-1541) thought that m______c fluids emanated from the hypnotist's body. |
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Term
| Anton Mesmer (1734-1815) was taught by Father Maximillian Hell. Max thought “suggestion” , Mesmer believed in magnets. |
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Definition
| Anton M____m (1734-1815) was taught by Father Maximillian H___. Max thought “suggestion” , Mesmer believed in m____ts. |
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Term
| James Braid (1795-1860) called it neurohypnology from the Greek god of sleep, Hypnos and thus hypnosis. He agreed with Max. |
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Definition
| James Br__d (1795-1860) called it n______gy from the Greek god of sleep, Hypnos and thus hypnosis. He agreed with Max. |
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Term
| Jean Charcot (1825-1893) taught hypnosis to Freud. A student of Charcot, Pierre Janet (1859-1947), was interested in hypnosis, hysteria, the theory of neurosis. |
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Definition
| Jean Charcot (1825-1893) taught hypnosis to F_____d. A student of Charcot, Pierre Janet (1859-1947), was interested in hyp_____s, hysteria, the theory of neu______s. |
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Term
| Janet Charcot did much to attract attention to the problem of mental illness. His work began many of the ideas that was find in psychoanalysis. |
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Definition
| Janet Charcot did much to attract attention to the problem of m______ i______s. His work began many of the ideas that was find in psychoanalysis. |
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Term
| James Esdaille (1808-1859) carried out 300 operations in India with hypnosis as the only analgesic. |
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Definition
| James Esdaille (1808-1859) carried out 300 o______s in India with hypnosis as the only a______ic. |
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Term
| John Elliotson (1791-1868) founded a hospital that forbid him to practice mesmerism. 1844, Ether, 1847, Chloroform and N.O. Solved the analgesic problem. |
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Definition
| John Ell_______n (1791-1868) founded a hospital that forbid him to practice mesmerism. 1844, E___r, 1847, Ch______ rm and N.O. Solved the analgesic problem. |
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Term
| There is no physiological measure that distinguishes between the hypnotized and the not hypnotized. The EEG looks like the awake stage, definitely not like stage IV. |
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Definition
| There is? or is not? no physiological measure that distinguishes between the hypnotized and the not hypnotized. The EEG looks like which stage? (definitely not like stage IV) |
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Term
| Advocates of the divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis argue that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. |
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Definition
| Advocates of the d_____d-consciousness theory of hypnosis argue that hypnosis is an al____ed state of consciousness. |
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Term
| Ernest and Josephine Hilgard created the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. They also introduced the idea of an “hidden observer” in pain experiments. |
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Definition
| Ernest and Josephine Hilgard created the Stanford Hyp______c Susceptibility Sc__e. They also introduced the idea of an “h_____ n ob____ver” in pain experiments. |
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Term
| Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that people who are very responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to have rich fantasy lives. |
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Definition
| Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that people who are very responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to have rich f____y l____s. |
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Term
| Nick Spanos and Ted Barber argue that hypnosis is fulfilling social role expectations. A good subject is like a member of the audience or a role player. |
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Definition
| Nick Spanos and Ted Barber argue that hypnosis is fulfilling s____l r___e expectations. A good subject is like a member of the a_____ce or a role player. |
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Term
| For psychologists like Spanos, hypnosis is a state of enhanced suggestibility. |
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Definition
| For psychologists like Spanos, hypnosis is a state of en______ sug________ity. |
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Term
| For psychologists like Spanos, hypnosis is a state of enhanced suggestibility. |
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Definition
| For psychologists like Spanos, hyp____s is a state of enhanced sug______. |
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Term
| Hypnosis is to set aside critical judgment to a degree and indulge in make-believe and fantasy. |
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Definition
| Hypnosis is to set aside cr____l j_______nt to a degree and indulge in make-believe and f_______y. |
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Term
| The evidence for memory enhancement is anecdotal not experimental. |
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Definition
| The evidence for memory enhancement is an_____ not ex_________al. |
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Term
| Under hypnosis we find an increased willingness to report uncertain memories with strong conviction. |
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Definition
| Under hypnosis we find an increased willingness to report un_____ me_______s with strong con____ion. |
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Term
| Hypnotists may unwittingly suggest memories and thus create psuedomemories. |
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Definition
| Hypnotists may unwittingly suggest memories and thus create psue____ies. |
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Term
| Hypnosis can be like therapy, you follow the hypnotist as you would follow the therapist to cure your unhappiness. |
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Definition
| Hypnosis can be like therapy, you follow the hypnotist as you would follow the therapist to cure your un______s. |
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Term
| Research indicates that memories recovered during hypnosis tend to be a combination of fact and fiction. (Confabulation) |
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Definition
| Research indicates that memories recovered during hypnosis tend to be a combination of f__t and f_____n. (Confabulation) |
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Term
| There is no evidence that post-hypnotic suggestion works and age regression (progression) is pure fantasy. |
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Definition
| There is no evidence that p___-h_____c suggestion works and age regression (progression) is pure f____y. |
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Term
| In an experiment, hypnotized subjects correctly reported the day of the week on which their fourth, seventh, or tenth birthday occurred. |
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Definition
| In an experiment, hypnotized subjects c____y r______d the day of the week on which their fourth, seventh, or tenth birthday occurred. |
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Term
| One theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by distracting attention. |
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Definition
| One theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by d_______g at_________n. |
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Term
| Martin Orne began the use of simulators (a subject thats not hypnotized)as control subjects in hypnosis experiments. |
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Definition
| Martin Orne began the use of s______s (a subject thats not hypnotized) as control subjects in hypnosis experiments. |
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Term
| Orne and Evans discovered that unhypnotized subjects performed the same dangerous acts as hypnotized subjects. |
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Definition
| O__e and Ev__s discovered that un_______ subjects performed the same dangerous acts as hyp_____d subjects. |
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Term
| The Orne and Evans results are most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves conscious role-playing |
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Definition
| The Orne and Evans results are most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves c_____ r__e-pl_____ng |
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