Term
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Definition
| Constant renewal of the receptors |
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Term
| Macrosmatic and micosmatic |
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Definition
Macrosmatic: keen sense of smell important to survival
Microsmatic: less keen and not so crucial to survival |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical signals released by an individual that affect the physiology and behavior of others |
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Term
| Human olfactory receptors |
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Definition
can be excited by the action of 1 molecule of oderant.
-Similar to vision, in which a rod receptor can be activated by the action of just 1 quantum of light. |
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Term
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Definition
Located high in the nasal cavity that contains receptors for olfaction
-Olfactory receptor neurons located in the mucosa |
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Term
| Just as the rod and cone receptors in the retina contain molecules called visual pigments that are sensitive to light... |
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Definition
| olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the mucosa are dotted w/ molecules called olfactory receptors that are sensitive to chemical oderants. |
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Term
| Other parallels between visual pigments and olfactory receptors |
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Definition
-Both proteins that cross the membrane of the receptor neurons
-Both sensitive to a specific range of
stimuli
-Just as rod or cone receptors contain only one type of visual pigment, a particular ORN has only one type of response |
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Term
| Difference between visual and olfactory system |
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Definition
| 4 types of receptors in vision (1 rod, 3 cone), 350 types of olfactory receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| When an olfactory receptor responds, the concentration of calcium ions increases inside the ORNs |
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Term
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Definition
to structures called glomeruli in the olfactory bulb
-each glomerulus therefore collects info about the firing of a specific type of ORN |
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Term
| The functional group associated with a particular type of compound |
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Definition
determines the general area of the olfactory bulb that is activated, and the compound's chain length determines the position
-Also based the odor that is perceived |
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Term
| Higher order Olfactory processing |
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Definition
| olfactory bulb->piriform (aka primary olfactory) cortex->orbitofrontal (secondary olfactory) cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Bitter, sweet, sour, salty and umami (Brothy or meaty) |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 types: Filiform (all over tongue), Fungiform (tip and sides), foliate (back and sides) and circumvillate (back of tongue) |
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Term
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Definition
50-100 taste cells, which have tips that protrude into the taste pore.
-Transuction occurs when chemicals contact receptor sites located on the tips of these taste cells. |
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Term
| Electrical signals in taste cells are transmitted to the |
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Definition
-chorda tympani nerve
-glossopharyngeal nerve
-vagus nerve
-superficial petronasal nerve |
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Term
| Fibers from the tongue, mouth and throat make connections |
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Definition
| in the brain stem in the nucleus of the solitary tract->thalamus->frontal lobe (insula and frontal operculum cortex) |
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Term
| Taste fibers also reach the |
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Definition
| orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) which receives olfactory signals |
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Term
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Definition
| Solutions judged more similar psychophysically had similar patterns of firing |
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Term
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Definition
Blocks the flow of sodium into taste receptors
-Aligns with specificity theory in taste |
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Term
| Color perception depends on the combined response of both long and medium wavelength pigments. Similarly, |
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Definition
| salt stimuli may cause high firing neurons that respond best to salt, but other neurons are involved in creating saltiness. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The OFC receives inputs from the primary cortical areas for taste and olfaction, as well as.. |
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Definition
| the primary somatosensory cortex and the inferotemporal cortex in the visual ventral pathway |
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