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| emperor of Holy Roman Empire (800-814), viewed as ‘new David’ who was the war leader of the Israelites, had a hand in Christianizing the political order, wrote Admonitio Generalis, a program for giving the clergy social power which seemed to have worked, created the Holy Roman Empire |
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| (d. 1216) (Italy) Considered the most powerful mid-evil Pope. Knew how to work the politics, deposing many leaders and bishops because of corruption. He starts several of the Crusades. Approved 2 orders, Franciscans and the Dominicans. Grants the charter to the U of Paris (1200). Nickname was Soloman the 3rd for being wise, he was very wise in his judgments |
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| (1170-1221), Spain, priest, created ‘the Order of Preacehrs’ who divided Europe into provinces to convert against the heresy of the Cathars- each house of Dominicans had an in house preacher and then levels of preists, created ‘studia generalia,’ 1st in Cologne, Germany |
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| Ulrich (or Huldrych) Zwingli |
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| (1484-1531), from Zurich Switzerland, v. well educated, priest, humanist (knew Greek and Latin), started reformation against Lent, said laws were unscriptural, clashed w/ Luther over real presence in Eucharist, said Jesus used symbolic language but agreed to disagree with peace treaty |
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| (pope 1073-1085), Rome, part of Leo 9ths inner circle, was a monk and traveled to promote reform to original church, wrote Dictatus Papae- ‘the sayings of the pope,’ new rules of the papacy, excommunicates kings are part of new rules without success |
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| d. 1945, Lutheran pastor, demanded a total reform of the church, abandonment of traditional religion, in prison, wrote letters of total dependence on the companionship of Jesus. |
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| 1967, encyclopedia, followed the formal discipline of the Roman Catholic Church, especially in terms of contraception and abortion, disagreed with both, Paul 6th |
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| (1509-1564), French, legal education at University of Paris, conversion ‘to the gospel,’ protestant/evangelical religion, fled Paris after Affair of the Placards (1534) to Geneva, stayed to convert Geneva entirely but Catholics regained majority and threw him out, in Strasbourg Martin Bucer (1491-1551) trained him to be a reformer, went back to Geneva and started Genevan Academy (1559) for education of the clergy, Calvin’s Genvea a ‘Godly city’ |
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| (c.365-435), from Romania, bilingual (Latin and Greek), joined monastery in Bethlehem (380s), spent 15 years in monastery of Scetis, wrote the Conferences (collationes)- 24 dialogues between Cassian, Germanus and desert fathers (Abba Moses) asking ‘why are you a monk?’ monks ‘seek purity of heart’ more than other Christians, see God in the here and now, spread Egyptian monasticism to Latin west, believed in constant prayer |
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| Gregory I (=Gregory the Great) |
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| d. 604, Italy, was prefect of Rome (like mayor), then set up monastery on family estate, became ambassador to Constantinople then pope in 590 during collapse of Roman gov’t, became civil leader as well as religious, called himself ‘servant of the servants of God’ (papal title still used by popes), starts endeavors to missionize England, wrote Pastoral Rule (book on how to be a bishop/pope/pastor) |
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