Term
| Each hip bone consists of three parts: _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ (cavity for head of femur). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The L5 vertebra and the S1 vertebra articulate with one another by an _________ joint between their bodies and by two posterior _____ joints between their articular processes. |
|
Definition
anterior fibrocartilaginous
synovial |
|
|
Term
| L5 vertebra is also attached to the ilium and the sacrum by the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| iliolumbar ligaments unite each thick ________ of L5 vertebra to the _____ of the iliac crest posteriorly. |
|
Definition
transverse process
internal lip |
|
|
Term
| Iliolumbar ligaments help to stabilize the ______ joint. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iliolumbar ligaments help to stabilize the lumbosacral joint and limit ______ and assist the vertebral articular processes by preventing _______. |
|
Definition
axial rotation of L5 vertebra on the sacrum
preventing forward gliding of L5 vertebra on the sacrum. |
|
|
Term
| The sacroiliac joints are very strong synovial joints between the articular surfaces of _____ & ______. |
|
Definition
| the sacrum and the ilium. |
|
|
Term
| ______ is responsible for transmitting the weight of the body to the ossa coxae or hip bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments are accessory ligaments of the _____ that bind the ____ to the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments resist ________ |
|
Definition
| backward rotation of the inferior end of the sacrum. |
|
|
Term
| Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments convert sciatic notches into _______ |
|
Definition
| greater and lesser sciatic foramina. |
|
|
Term
| ______ and _____ in the same coronal plane. |
|
Definition
| pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscles of the lateral pelvic wall: _____ |
|
Definition
| The piriformis muscle & The obturator internus muscle |
|
|
Term
| The piriformis muscle Origin: |
|
Definition
| anterior aspect of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lateral masses of sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament. |
|
|
Term
| The piriformis muscle Insertion: |
|
Definition
| greater trochanter of femur |
|
|
Term
| The piriformis muscle leaves the pelvis via ________ and passes ____ to the head of the femur to reach its insertion. |
|
Definition
the greater sciatic foramen
posteriorly |
|
|
Term
| ______ forms a muscular bed for the sacral plexus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Piriformis muscle Innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The piriformis muscle Action |
|
Definition
| laterally rotates thigh and abducts thigh (non-weight bearing); assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum (weight bearing). |
|
|
Term
| The obturator internus muscle is a thick _____ shaped muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The obturator internus muscle Origin |
|
Definition
| Origin - anterolateral wall of pelvis minor including margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane. |
|
|
Term
| The obturator internus muscle Insertion |
|
Definition
| Insertion - greater trochanter of femur |
|
|
Term
| The obturator internus muscle passes through the _______ and makes a ______ turn around the ______. |
|
Definition
lesser sciatic foramen
right angle
lesser sciatic notch |
|
|
Term
| The obturator internus muscle Innervation |
|
Definition
| nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2). |
|
|
Term
| The obturator internus muscle Action |
|
Definition
| laterally rotates thigh (non-weight bearing); assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum (weight bearing) |
|
|
Term
| Muscles of the pelvic floor (Pelvic Diaphragm): _____ |
|
Definition
| The two levatores ani muscles and the two coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscles |
|
|
Term
| The pelvic diaphragm forms the fibromuscular floor of the ____ cavities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three parts of the levator ani muscle: ____ |
|
Definition
| Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis, Iliococcygeus |
|
|
Term
| ______ Encircles the urethra, vagina and anus and merges in the perineal body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ from the two sides loop around the posterior surface of the ______, forming a U-shaped rectal sling. |
|
Definition
Puborectalis
anorectal junction |
|
|
Term
| In the adult the empty bladder lies in _____ posterior to the pubic bones, from which it is separated by a ____ space, called the ______ |
|
Definition
the pelvis minor
connective tissue space
retropubic space |
|
|
Term
| In infants and children the bladder is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bladder is relatively free within the loose _____ fatty tissue except for its _____, which is held firmly by the _____ ligaments in the male and the _____ ligaments in the female. |
|
Definition
extraperitoneal
neck
puboprostatic ligaments in the male
pubovesical ligaments in the female. |
|
|
Term
| Mucous membrane in the empty bladder is in numerous folds or _____, except in the _____ where the mucous membrane is smooth, because here it is firmly attached to ________ |
|
Definition
rugae
trigone
the muscular wall |
|
|
Term
| Wall of the bladder is chiefly composed of _____ muscle called _______. |
|
Definition
| of smooth muscle called detrusor urinae muscle |
|
|
Term
| At neck of the bladder detrusor urinae muscle fibers form ________. |
|
Definition
| the involuntary internal sphincter. |
|
|
Term
| The openings of the ____ & ______ form the angles of the trigone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ureters pass obliquely through the bladder wall in an ______ direction, which helps prevent urine from backing up the ureters. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three parts of the The male urethra |
|
Definition
| The prostatic part, The membranous part, The spongy part |
|
|
Term
| The prostatic part begins at _______, decends through the prostate and ends at ______. |
|
Definition
internal urethral orifice at the apex of the trigone
the superior layer of deep fascia of the sphincter urethrae muscle. |
|
|
Term
| The posterior wall of the prostatic part has notable features: ______ |
|
Definition
| urethral crest, prostatic sinus, seminal colliculus, prostatic utricle (vestigial homolog of uterus and vagina), and openings of ejaculatory ducts. |
|
|
Term
| ______ part is shortest and least dilatable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The membranous part traverses the ______ muscle and the ______ membrane. |
|
Definition
| sphincter urethrae muscle and the perineal membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Bulbourethral gland located on each side of which part _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spongy part begins where the urethra passes into the _______ of the penis and ends at the ________. |
|
Definition
corpus spongiosum
external urethral orifice |
|
|
Term
| For Females the external urethral orifice is located in _______ |
|
Definition
| the vestibule of the vagina |
|
|
Term
| The female urethra is surrounded by the ________ |
|
Definition
| sphincter urethrae muscle |
|
|
Term
| Are urethral glands present in females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The female urethra passes with the vagina through ______. |
|
Definition
| The pelvic and urogenital diaphragm and the perineal membrane |
|
|
Term
| The male genital organs: _______ |
|
Definition
| comprise the testes, the deferent ducts, the seminal vesicles, and the ejaculatory ducts |
|
|
Term
| Accessory or auxiliary genital male glands: ______ |
|
Definition
| Prostate and bulbourethral glands |
|
|
Term
| The ductus deferens begins in ______ and ends in ______ |
|
Definition
the tail of the epididymis
the ejaculatory duct |
|
|
Term
| The ductus deferens enlarges to form the _____ then narrows to form the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The seminal vesicles consist of long, coiled tubes which form vesicle-like masses on the base of the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The seminal vesicles do or don't store sperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The seminal vesicles secrete ______ |
|
Definition
| a thick secretion which mixes with the sperm |
|
|
Term
| The seminal vesicles are situated at _______, anterior to the _____ |
|
Definition
the base of the bladder
rectum |
|
|
Term
| The seminal vesicles are separated from the rectum by the ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ form the ejaculatory duct. |
|
Definition
| The duct of each seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to |
|
|
Term
| The ejaculatory ducts open by slit-like apertures into _____, one on each side of the ______ |
|
Definition
the prostatic urethra.
orifice of the prostatic utricle |
|
|
Term
| _____ is the largest of the accessory glands of the male reproductive tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prostate surrounds the _____ part of the urethra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prostate is enclosed by ______. |
|
Definition
| the fascial sheath of the prostate. |
|
|
Term
| The base of the prostate is related to the _______; its apex is related to the _______ and rests on the ______. |
|
Definition
Neck of the bladder
superior fascia of the urogenital
diaphragm
sphincter urethrae muscle. |
|
|
Term
| The ________ pass through the substance of the prostate, dividing it into median and lateral lobes. |
|
Definition
| prostatic urethra and the ejaculatory ducts |
|
|
Term
| _____ lobe of the prostate in older men commonly produces a projection into the cavity of the ____ called the _______. |
|
Definition
Median
Bladder
Uvula of the bladder |
|
|
Term
| Veins of the prostate form the ______, which drains into the ______, but also communicates with the _____ and the _______. |
|
Definition
prostatic venous plexus
internal iliac veins
vesical plexus
vertebral venous plexuses |
|
|
Term
| Cancer of the prostate metastasizes via blood and lymph to the ____ & _____. |
|
Definition
| vertebral column and pelvis |
|
|
Term
| __________ are the basis of this metastasis of Prostate Cancer. |
|
Definition
| valveless venous communications between the prostatic plexus of veins and the vertebral venous plexuses are the basis of this metastasis |
|
|
Term
| Straining to urinate, necessary when prostate cancer impedes the flow of urine, causes ______. |
|
Definition
| excess shunting of blood to vertebral venous plexuses. |
|
|
Term
| The bulbourethral glands lie _______ to the membranous urethra; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bulbourethral glands open by minute apertures into the _______. |
|
Definition
| proximal part of the spongy urethra |
|
|
Term
| The bulbourethral glands receive blood supply from _______. |
|
Definition
| arteries to the bulb of the penis. |
|
|
Term
| The internal female genital organs: ________ |
|
Definition
| the vagina, the uterus, the uterine tubes and the ovaries |
|
|
Term
| The vagina is a _____ tube. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ serves as inferior end of the birth canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vagina descends ______ from the ______. |
|
Definition
anteroinferiorly
rectouterine pouch |
|
|
Term
| The vagina communicates superiorly with _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vagina's posterior wall extends superior to the cervix of the uterus to _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____ surrounds the entrance to the cervix. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the vagina lies posterior to the _____ and anterior to the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ______ of the vagina is usually covered by peritoneum, thus injuries may involve the peritoneal cavity through the _______. |
|
Definition
superior limit
rectouterine pouch |
|
|
Term
| The vagina is related inferiorly to the _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anteriorly the body of the uterus is separated from the bladder by the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vesicouterine pouch is _____ when the uterus is in its normal position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior to the Uterus lies _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uterus separated from the rectum by the _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ureter is crossed superiorly by the _______ at the side of the cervix. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| * Uterus is bent ___ & _____. |
|
Definition
anteriorly or anteflexed 170
inclined forward (anteverted, 90) |
|
|
Term
| The uterus is normally bent anteriorly or anteflexed (____ degrees) between _______. |
|
Definition
170o
the cervix and the body |
|
|
Term
| The entire uterus is normally bent or inclined forward (anteverted, ____ degrees). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The body of the uterus is enclosed between the layers of ______ and is freely ______. |
|
Definition
the broad ligament
movable |
|
|
Term
| As bladder is fully distended the uterus becomes _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The broad ligaments enclosing the uterus are folds of ____ with _____ on their anterior and posterior surfaces. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The broad ligaments extend from the sides of the ____ to the _____ of the pelvis. |
|
Definition
Uterus
side walls and the floor |
|
|
Term
| ____ hold the uterus in relatively normal position. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enclosed in the ______ of each broad ligament is a ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ligament of the ovary lies _____ and the round ligament of the uterus lies ______ within the broad ligament. |
|
Definition
posterosuperiorly
anteroinferiorly |
|
|
Term
| Two ligaments contained within the broad ligament: ______ |
|
Definition
ligament of the ovary
round ligament of the uterus |
|
|
Term
| Four parts of the broad ligament: ______ |
|
Definition
| Suspensory ligament of the ovary, mesosalpinx, mesovarium and mesometrium |
|
|
Term
| The cervix of the uterus is held in position by several structures: ________ |
|
Definition
the transverse cervical ligaments
the sacrocervical (uterosacral) ligaments
pubocervical (pubouterine) ligaments |
|
|
Term
| transverse cervical ligaments (______) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sacrocervical (_____) ligaments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pubocervical (_____) ligaments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transverse cervical ligaments (cardinal ligaments) extend from _____ to _____ |
|
Definition
| the cervix and the lateral fornices of the vagina to the side walls of the pelvis |
|
|
Term
| The sacrocervical (uterosacral) ligaments pass from ___________ towards ____ |
|
Definition
| the sides of the cervix toward the sacrum |
|
|
Term
| ____ hold the cervix in its normal relationship to the sacrum |
|
Definition
| sacrocervical (uterosacral) ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Pubocervical (pubouterine) ligaments are a continuation of _____ |
|
Definition
| pubocervical (pubouterine) ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Pubocervical (pubouterine) ligaments pass from ____ to _____ |
|
Definition
| pass from the cervix to the pubic bone |
|
|
Term
| The principal supports of the uterus are: _____ |
|
Definition
| the pelvic floor (tone of levator ani muscles) and the structures surrounding the uterus (transverse cervical, sacrocervical and pubocervical ligaments). |
|
|
Term
| The uterine tubes extend from _____. |
|
Definition
| from the cornua or horns of the uterus |
|
|
Term
| The uterine tubes are designed to receive the oocytes discharged from ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The uterine tubes convey the ____ to the uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The uterine tubes convey sperm towards _______, where the _____ waits for fertilization. |
|
Definition
| the ampulla of the tube where oocyte waits for fertilization |
|
|
Term
| The uterine tubes open at distal ends into the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ovaries located one on each side in the_______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ovaries bounded anteriorly by the _______ and posteriorly by ______ |
|
Definition
obliterated umbilical artery
the ureter and the internal iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| each ovary is attached to the posterosuperior aspect of the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each ovary is suspended from the posterior layer of the borad ligament by the _______, through which the _____ pass |
|
Definition
mesovarium
ovarian vessels |
|
|
Term
| Ovary is attached to uterus by the ______ which runs in _____. |
|
Definition
ligament of the ovary
the broad ligament |
|
|
Term
| Near the pelvic brim the ovary is attached by the _______ which contains the ________. |
|
Definition
suspensory ligament of the ovary*
ovarian vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
| Suspensory ligament of the ovary contains _____ |
|
Definition
| ovarian vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
| Ligament of the ovary runs in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *The surface of the ovary is not covered by _____ hence the oocyte is expelled ______ |
|
Definition
peritoneum
into the peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
| The oocyte is expelled into ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian arteries arise from _____ at L1-L2 below the _____ arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On reaching the pelvic brim, the ovarian arteries cross over the _____ internal to the _____. |
|
Definition
external iliac vessels
ureter |
|
|
Term
| Ovarian veins form a brace of vessels called the _____ which communicates with the _____ |
|
Definition
| pampiniform plexus which communicates with the uterine plexus |
|
|
Term
| * Two veins leaving the ovarian plexus form _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ ovarian vein ascends to the _____ vena cava |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____ ovarian vein drains into the ___ renal vein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rectum is continuous superiorly with ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rectum begins on the pelvic surface of _______ |
|
Definition
| the third piece of the sacrum (S3) |
|
|
Term
| Rectum ends by turning _____ to become the ______ |
|
Definition
posteroinferiorly
anal canal |
|
|
Term
| Rectum follows the curve of the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terminal part of the rectum bends sharply _____ to join _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior part of the rectum is distended into the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectum is _____ in the coronal plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the concavities of the rectum there are folds called _____ which partly close the lumen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tooo much for note card
Relations of the rectum - posteriorly it rests on the inferior three sacral vertebrae, the coccyx, the anococcygeal ligament, the median sacral vessels, branches of the superior rectal artery and the inferior ends of the sympathetic trunks; anteriorly in male it is related to base of bladder, terminal parts of ureters, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, and prostate. In the female the anterior relation of the rectum is the vagina. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peritoneum covers the ____ of the rectum (_______) |
|
Definition
superior third
intraperitoneal |
|
|
Term
| Peritoneum and the middle third of the rectum? |
|
Definition
| the middle third has peritoneum in front only (retroperitoneal) |
|
|
Term
| The _____ of the rectum has no peritoneal covering (______). |
|
Definition
inferior third
extraperitoneal |
|
|
Term
| In the male the peritoneum is reflected from anterior surface of rectum to posterior wall of the bladder where it forms the floor of the _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the female the peritoneum is reflected from the rectum to the posterior fornix of the vagina, where it forms the floor of the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The obturator nerve arises from _____ |
|
Definition
| lumbar plexus (not sacral plexus) |
|
|
Term
| The obturator nerve arises from lumbar plexus in the substance of the _____ muscle from the anterior branches of the ventral rami of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The obturator nerve runs anteroinferiorly in the ______ medial to the fascia over the ____ muscle. |
|
Definition
extraperitoneal fat
obturator internus |
|
|
Term
| The obturator nerve passes along the obturator groove _____ to the obturator artery and vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The obturator nerve passes along the obturator groove where it divides into
____ & _____ divisions which leave the pelvis via the _____ to supply the thigh. |
|
Definition
anterior and posterior
obturator foramen |
|
|
Term
| The lumbosacral trunk formed by ventral nerve rami of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lumbosacral trunk descends over _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sacral plexus is located in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sacral plexus is formed by the ______. |
|
Definition
| lumbosacral trunk and the ventral rami of the first three and the descending part of the fourth sacral nerves. |
|
|
Term
| The sciatic nerve is part of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sciatic nerve formed by _____ |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of L4, L5, S1, S2, S3. |
|
|
Term
| The sciatic nerve passes through the ________ inferior to the _____ muscle along with the _____ nerve. |
|
Definition
greater sciatic foramen
piriformis
inferior gluteal |
|
|
Term
| The Piriformis, exits the pelvis through the ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the back of the thigh the sciatic nerve divides into ____ & ___ nerves. |
|
Definition
| tibial and common peroneal nerves |
|
|
Term
| The pudendal nerve arises from anterior divisions of the ventral rami _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis between _______ and through _____. |
|
Definition
| the piriformis and coccygeus muscles (through the greater sciatic foramen), |
|
|
Term
| The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis via _____ greater sciatic foramen and hooks around the sacrospinous ligament to enter the perineum through the _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pudendal nerve is distributed to the muscles of the _____, including the _________. |
|
Definition
perineum
external anal sphincter |
|
|
Term
| The pudendal nerve ends as the ______ |
|
Definition
| dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris |
|
|
Term
| The pudendal nerve is sensory to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sacral sympathetic trunks are directly continuous with ______. |
|
Definition
| the lumbar sympathetic trunks. |
|
|
Term
| The sacral sympathetic trunks descend on the _______ just medial to the ____. |
|
Definition
pelvic surface of the sacrum
pelvic sacral foramina |
|
|
Term
| pelvic sacral foramina (_____) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacral sympathetic trunks converge as they pass along the sacrum and unite in the small median _____ on the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Sacral Sympathetic trunks send _____ communicantes (_____ fibers) to each of the ventral rami of the ____ & _____ nerves |
|
Definition
gray rami communicantes (post-ganglionic fibers)
sacral and coccygeal nerves. |
|
|
Term
| Sacral sympathetic trunks also send branches to the ______ artery and to the _______ plexus. |
|
Definition
median sacral
inferior hypogastric |
|
|
Term
| The hypogastric plexuses: ______ |
|
Definition
superior hypogastric plexus
Right and Left inferior hypogastric plexuses |
|
|
Term
| Superior hypogastric plexus descends into the _____ and lies ______ |
|
Definition
pelvis
just below the bifurcation of the aorta |
|
|
Term
| Superior hypogastric plexus is the downward prolongation of the ______ joined by _________. |
|
Definition
intermesenteric plexus
L3 and L4 splanchnic nerves. |
|
|
Term
| Branches from the superior hypogastric plexus enter the pelvis and descend anterior to the sacrum as _______, which descend, mingle with the pelvic splanchnic nerves and ______. |
|
Definition
the right and left hypogastric nerves
form the right and left inferior hypogastric plexuses. |
|
|
Term
| ______ form the right and left inferior hypogastric plexuses. |
|
Definition
| pelvic splanchnic nerves (Parasymphatetic) & right and left hypogastric nerves respectively (Branches of Superior Hypogastric Plexus) |
|
|
Term
| The pelvic splanchnic nerves are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pelvic splanchnic nerves are parasympathetic and are derived from _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior hypogastric plexus, sympathetic or parasympathetic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior hypogastric plexuses, sympathetic or parasympathetic? |
|
Definition
| Para (Contains Pelvic splanchnic nerves, para) |
|
|
Term
| Each plexus of the hypogastric plexuses surrounds the corresponding _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branches from the hypogastric plexuses are distributed to ______ along the branches of the _____ artery |
|
Definition
the pelvic viscera
internal iliac |
|
|
Term
| The visceral plexuses are extensions of the _______ on the walls of the _____. |
|
Definition
inferior hypogastric plexuses
pelvic viscera |
|
|
Term
| The visceral plexuses include: ______ |
|
Definition
middle rectal plexus
vesical plexus
prostatic plexus
uterovaginal plexus (homologous with the prostatic plexus) |
|
|
Term
| uterovaginal plexus is homologous with _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three types of splanchnic nerves: ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracic splanchnic nerves: ______ |
|
Definition
| greater, lesser and lowest |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic splanchnic nerves, sympathetic or parasympathetic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracic splanchnic nerves originate from ______ |
|
Definition
| branches of thoracic sympathetic ganglia T5 to T12. |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar splanchnic nerves, sympathetic or parasympathetic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar splanchnic nerves originate from branches of the _______. |
|
Definition
| four lumbar sympathetic ganglia. |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic, parasympathetic or sympathetic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic splanchnic nerves originate from branches of ventral rami of _________. |
|
Definition
| Sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, S4. |
|
|
Term
| _______ are motor (and sensory) to the detrusor muscle and inhibitory to the internal sphincter. |
|
Definition
| Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic) |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic) are ______ to the internal sphincter. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the Pelvic splanchnic nerves' fibers are stimulated by ______, the bladder ______, the internal sphincter ______, and urine flows in the urethra. |
|
Definition
stretching
contracts
relaxes |
|
|
Term
| ______ responsible for the tonic contraction of the involuntary sphincter. |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic fibers through the superior (and inferior) hypogastric plexus (derived from T11, T12, L1 and L2) |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic fibers through the superior (and inferior) hypogastric plexus (derived from T11, T12, L1 and L2) are ______ to the bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic fibers through the superior (and inferior) hypogastric plexus (derived from T11, T12, L1 and L2) supplied the muscles of: ______ |
|
Definition
| epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate. |
|
|
Term
| _______ (voluntary sphincter) |
|
Definition
| sphincter urethrae muscle |
|
|
Term
| ________ is motor to the sphincter urethrae muscle (voluntary sphincter) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ nerve provides sensory for glans penis and spongy urethra. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ different arteries enter the pelvis minor: _______ |
|
Definition
Four
internal iliac (paired), median sacral, superior rectal and ovarian (paired). |
|
|
Term
| The superior rectal artery is the continuation of the ______. |
|
Definition
| inferior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
| ______ supplies most of the blood to the pelvic viscera. |
|
Definition
| The internal iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| *ANTERIOR BRANCHES of the Internal Iliac Artery are the: __________. |
|
Definition
| umbilical, the obturator, the inferior vesical, the uterine, the middle rectal, the internal pudendal and the inferior gluteal. |
|
|
Term
| The umbilical artery gives off ____ to the bladder. |
|
Definition
| superior vesical arteries |
|
|
Term
| Detrusor urinae muscle WIKI |
|
Definition
| The detrusor urinae muscle, also detrusor muscle, muscularis propria of the urinary bladder and (less precise) muscularis propria, contracts when urinating to squeeze out urine. Otherwise, it remains relaxed to allow the bladder to fill |
|
|
Term
| The umbilical artery becomes obliterated and forms ______ of anterior abdominal wall. |
|
Definition
| medial umbilical ligament |
|
|
Term
| In the male the artery to the ductus deferens can arise from: _______ |
|
Definition
| The superior vesical artery, the inferior vesical artery, the internal iliac artery or the umbilical artery. |
|
|
Term
| The obturator artery usually arises close to the __________; it is crossed by _______ |
|
Definition
umbilical artery
the ureter |
|
|
Term
| The obturator artery passes through the _______ to supply muscles of the ________. |
|
Definition
obturator foramen
thigh and the ligament of the head of the femur |
|
|
Term
| The obturator artery gives off a nutrient artery to the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The obturator artery gives off a pubic branch which anastomoses with the _______ of the ______ (may be large - _______). |
|
Definition
inferior epigastric artery
external iliac
accessory obturator |
|
|
Term
| A medially placed obturator artery is vulnerable to injury during _____. |
|
Definition
| repair of femoral hernia. |
|
|
Term
| the word "vesical" when used in this section of anatomy usually refers to the ___________- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inferior vesical artery corresponds to the ___________ in the female. |
|
Definition
| vaginal artery in the female |
|
|
Term
| The inferior vesical artery passes forward to base of bladder and supplies:________ |
|
Definition
| the seminal vesicle, the prostate, and the posteroinferior part of the bladder. |
|
|
Term
| The inferior vesical artery supplies _____ of the bladder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vaginal artery is a branch of _____ |
|
Definition
| The internal iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| The umbilical artery is a branch of _____ |
|
Definition
| The internal iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| The obturator artery is a branch of _____ |
|
Definition
| The internal iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| The inferior vesical artery is a branch of _____ |
|
Definition
| The internal iliac artery DUH! |
|
|
Term
| The uterine artery may arise from ______ |
|
Definition
| umbilical or internal iliac |
|
|
Term
| The uterine artery homolog of ______ |
|
Definition
| artery of ductus deferens |
|
|
Term
| The uterine artery enters _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *The uterine artery passes ______ the ureter near the lateral fornix of the vagina. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The uterine artery anastomoses with ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The uterine artery passes anterior to and above the ureter near the lateral fornix of the vagina. This point of crossing lies about 2 cm ______. |
|
Definition
| superior to the ischial spine. |
|
|
Term
| The internal pudendal artery leaves the pelvis between the _____ & ______ by passing through ________. Then enters the ______ through the lesser sciatic foramen and passes through the _______. |
|
Definition
piriformis and coccygeus muscles
greater sciatic foramen
ischiorectal fossa
pudendal canal |
|
|
Term
| The inferior gluteal artery usually passes between ____ & ____ and leaves the pelvis through the inferior part of the _________ below the piriformis muscle. |
|
Definition
S2 and S3
greater sciatic foramen |
|
|
Term
| Posterior branches of the internal iliac artery: _____ |
|
Definition
The superior gluteal artery
The iliolumbar artery
The lateral sacral arteries |
|
|
Term
| The superior gluteal artery leaves the pelvis through the superior part of the ______ above the ________. |
|
Definition
greater sciatic foramen
piriformis muscle. |
|
|
Term
| The iliolumbar artery separates the _____ from the ______. |
|
Definition
| obturator nerve from the lumbosacral trunk. |
|
|
Term
| The iliolumbar artery divides into an _____ branch and a _____ branch. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The median sacral artery paired or unpaired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The median sacral artery is the final unpaired branch of the _____; runs anterior to ______. |
|
Definition
abdominal aorta
body of sacrum. |
|
|
Term
| The lateral sacral arteries descend _____ to the sacral ventral rami, giving off spinal branches that pass through ______ and supply ______. |
|
Definition
anterior
the pelvic sacral foramina (Anterior sacral foramina)
the contents of the sacral canal. |
|
|
Term
| pelvic sacral foramina (______) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The superior rectal artery is a direct continuation of _______. |
|
Definition
| the inferior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
| The superior rectal artery anastomoses with ______, which is a branch of the ______ artery. Superior Rectal Artery also anastomoses with the ______ artery, which is a branch of _______. |
|
Definition
middle rectal
internal iliac
inferior rectal
internal pudendal artery |
|
|
Term
| The ovarian artery paired or unpaired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ovarian arteries arise from ______ inferior to the _____ arteries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ovarian artery passes ______ to the ureter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ovarian artery anastomoses with the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pelvic venous plexuses are formed by ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *Pelvic venous plexuses most drain into ______ (and therefore into the _____ or ____ system), some drain via ______ into the inferior mesenteric vein (and therefore into the ____ system). |
|
Definition
internal iliac v.
caval or systemic
superior rectal vein
portal |
|
|
Term
| Rectal venous plexuses surround the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectal venous plexuses drais into: ______ veins |
|
Definition
| superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins |
|
|
Term
| The superior rectal vein drains into the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The superior rectal vein drains into the inferior mesenteric vein and forms communications between the ____ & ____ systems. |
|
Definition
| portal and systemic venous systems |
|
|
Term
* Clinically important communication*
Rectal venous plexuses drains into _____, which drains into _____, forming a communication between the portal and systemic venous systems. |
|
Definition
Superior Rectal Vein
Inferior Mesenteric Vein |
|
|
Term
| Male specific venous plexuses: _____ |
|
Definition
| The prostatic venous plexus |
|
|
Term
| Female specific venous plexuses: _____ |
|
Definition
The vaginal venous plexuses
The uterine venous plexuses |
|
|
Term
| The prostatic venous plexus lies on the ____ & ____ of the prostate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prostatic venous plexus receives blood mainly from ________. |
|
Definition
| the deep dorsal veins of the penis |
|
|
Term
| The prostatic venous plexus drains into the _____ and then to ______. |
|
Definition
vesical venous plexus
internal iliac v. |
|
|
Term
| In addition of draining into the vesical venous plexus and then to the internal iliac v., the prostatic venous plexus may also drain into ______, via the _____. |
|
Definition
vertebral venous plexus
sacral veins |
|
|
Term
| The vesical venous plexus in the male envelops: ______ |
|
Definition
| he base of the bladder and the prostate, the seminal vesicles, the deferent ducts, and the inferior ends of the ureters |
|
|
Term
| The vesical venous plexus in the female envelops: _______ |
|
Definition
| the pelvic part of the urethra and the neck of the bladder |
|
|
Term
| The vaginal venous plexuses lie along the sides of the vagina and within ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The uterine venous plexuses lie along the sides of the ____ between the _______. |
|
Definition
uterus
layers of the broad ligament |
|
|
Term
| In general the pelvic organs drain through the: ______ lymph nodes |
|
Definition
| external and internal iliac lymph nodes and the sacral lymph nodes. |
|
|
Term
| In general the pelvic organs drain through the external and internal iliac lymph nodes and the sacral lymph nodes. From all these nodes, lymph drains to the ____ & ____ lymph nodes. |
|
Definition
| common iliac and lumbar lymph nodes. |
|
|
Term
| lumbar lymph nodes (_____) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pelvic lymphatics exceptions; The upper and middle parts of oviduct, fundus of the uterus, the ovaries and the testes drain _______. |
|
Definition
| directly into the lumbar lymph nodes. |
|
|
Term
| The fundus of the uterus WIKI |
|
Definition
| is the top portion, opposite from the cervix. |
|
|
Term
| The pelvic lymphatics exceptions; The lowest part of oviduct, the uterine body via the round ligament of the uterus, the vagina below the hymen, the anal canal inferior to the pectinate line, the scrotum (labia majora), and the skin and most of the penis (clitoris) drain into _______ |
|
Definition
| the horizontal group of superficial inguinal nodes. |
|
|
Term
| Superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into _____ |
|
Definition
| deep inguinal lymph nodes. |
|
|
Term
| The superficial inguinal lymph nodes form a chain immediately below the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The superficial inguinal lymph nodes lie deep to _____ fascia which overlies the ___ vessels at ____ aspect of the thigh. |
|
Definition
|
|
