Anatomically the hip joint is called the _________ _____ joint.

Acetbular femoral joint

What are the three characteristics of the hip joint?

1. Bony architecture

2. Strong Ligaments

3. Large supportive muscles

What are the primary functions of the Hip joint?

1. weight bearing

2. Locomotion (walking)

Femur

The longest bone in the body that projects laterally then angles back toward the midline at the knee

Sacrum is an extension of the _______ ________ and is made up of 5 fused bones

This bone is distal to the sacrum and is made of 3 fused bones

coccyx

What three bones make up the pelvis?

illium, ischium and pubis

What are the landmarks of the Illium?

Iliac Crest

Illiac Fossa

ASIS

AIIS

PSIS

PIIS

This is a large smooth concave area on the internal surface to which the illiac portion ofthe illiopsoas muscle attaches

Illiac fossa

This is the bony part that your hands rest on when  you put your hands on your hips. Its borders are the ASIS and the PSIS.

Illiac crest

This landmark is a projection on the anterior end of the illiac crest. The sartorious attaches here.

ASIS

This structure is located just below the PSIS

This projection is just inferior to the ASIS, too which the rectus femoris attaches.

This landmark is a posterior projection on the iliac crest 

PSIS

What are the landmarks of the Ischium?

Ischial Spine

Body

Ischial tuberosity

Ramus

This landmark is located on the posterior portion of the body between the greater and lesser sciatic notches

This is a rough, blunt projection of the inferior part of the body, which is weight bearing when you are sitting.

Ischial tuberosity

This makes up about 2/5ths of the acetabulum

Body 

What are the landmarks of the pubis? 

Inferior pubic ramus

Body

Superior pubic ramus

tubercle

True or False. The anterior pelvis is the origin for the muscles that flex the hip

True

What are the joints of the pelvic girdle?

Lumbosacral

Sacroiliac

Symphysis Pubis

This joint is made up of the fifth lumbar vertebra and the first sacral vertebra

Lumbosacral Joint

This joint is located in the midline of the body

Pubic Symphysis

Illiofemioral ligament

Prevents hip hyperextension

Teres Ligament

Slightly limits abduction

Pubefemoral Ligament

Limits excessive extension/ abduction

Triangualr ischiofemoral ligament

Limits internal rotaiton

What are the names of the pelvic tilts?

Neutral

Anterior

Posterior

Neutral Tilt

The anterior superior illiac spine and pubic symphysis are in the same vertical plane

Anterior tilt

Pelvis tilts forward moving the ASIS anterior to the pubic symphysis (illiac crest tilt forward)

 occurs when the pelvis tilts backward moving the ASIS posterior to the pubic symphysis (illiac crest tilts backward)

Posterior Tilt

This tilt occurs when one leg leaves the ground, and the pelvis on that side becomes unsupported

Lateral Tilt

This hip joint has two joint muscles that have one action at the ____ ___ and another at the _____.

What are the primary hip flexors?

1. Iliopsoas (iliacus + Psoas major/minor)

2. Pectineus

3. Rectus Femoris (one of the quadriceps)

4. Sartorius

Anterior muscles tend to be _______.

flexors

What are the primary hip extensors?

1. Gluteus Maximus

2. Biceps Femoris

3. Semitendinosus

4. External rotators

What are the muscles that make up the hamstrings?

1. Biceps femoris

2. Semitendinosus

3. Semimembranosus

What are the hip adductors?

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus

Gracilis - most medial

What are the hip abductors?

1. Gluteus Medius

2. Gluteus minimus

3. Tensor Fascia Latae

4. External rotators (deep muscles)

Femoral Nerve

innervates muscles on the anterior surface of the hip and thight (hip flexors)

Obturator Nerve

innervates hip adductors on the medial side

Superior gluteal nerve

innervates hip abductors on the lateral side

Sciatic Nerve

innervates the hamstrings. This is a general rule. 

This muscle is a posterior muscle and is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus Maximus

Osteoarthritis

Degeneration of the articular cartilage of the joint

There are two types of hip fractures. What are they and how do they occur?

1.Intertrochanteric

2. femoral neck

 These occur due to falls in the elderly population and high impact mva cause hip fractures in young people