Term
| what is the first step in diagnosing a pregnancy? what steps follow? |
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Definition
| 1) determining the presence of amenorrhea. 2) pregnancy test (urine/serum hCG dipstick). 3) pelvic exam (@6 wks gestation - 2 missed periods). 4) chadwick's sign (bluish cervix). 5) hegar's sign (softened isthmus). 6) goodell's sign softening of the cervix. 7) doppler @ 8 wks gestation (fetal heart tones). |
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Term
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Definition
| add 9 months and 7 days to the date of the mother's last menstrual period to determine the date of birth. |
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Term
| what is the qualitative pregnancy test? |
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Definition
| urine/serum @ 1st missed period (4 wks from LMP) |
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Term
| what is the quantitative pregnancy test? |
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Definition
| US @ 5-6 wks (gestational sac), US @ 6-7 wks (fetal pole), US @ 7-8 wks (cardiac activity) |
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Term
| what is the definition of labor & delivery? |
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Definition
| expulsion of products of conception resulting from regular uterine contractions and *cervical changes. (false labor/braxton-hicks: no cervical changes) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more wks prior to labor, the presenting part descends into the pelvis, characterized by: cervical effacement, cervical dilatation, positioning along the long axis, presentation, station, and lie (long axis of the fetus). |
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Term
| what are the 4 stages of labor? |
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Definition
| 1) onset of contractions to complete dilatation. 2) complete dilatation to delivery. 3) delivery of placenta. 4) 1 hr after delivery of the placenta. |
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Term
| what are the cardinal movements (mechanisms) of labor? |
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Definition
| engagement, flexion, descent, internal rotation (baby is turning around so head is inferior), extension (crowning), external rotation (restitution), expulsion (if mother is anesthetized - may need help bringing baby out), and removal of the placenta. |
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Term
| what are the classifications of episiotomy? |
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Definition
| first degree (vaginal mucosa), second degree (below the mucosa), third degree (rectal sphincter), and fourth degree (into the rectum itself) |
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Term
| what can feeling the fontanelles/sutures on the infant's skull tell you? |
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Definition
| the direction of the baby's head as it is being born |
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Term
| what are indications for use of forceps in a delivery? |
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Definition
| if the mother needs to avoid expulsive effort, if there is inadequate expulsive effort, if the second stage is prolonged (nulliparous: 2-3 hrs or parous: 1-2 hrs), and if there is an elective outlet. |
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Term
| can a pt have a vaginal birth after having done a c-section? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the triad of preeclampsia? |
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Definition
| HTN, excessive edema, and albuminuria (usually requires c-section) |
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Term
| what are indications for a c-section? |
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Definition
| preeclampsia, fetal distress, umbilical cord prolapse, cephalopelvic disproportion, fetal malpresentation, locking of twins, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, and ectopic pregnancy |
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