Term
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Definition
| Celiac artery, Cranial Mesenteric a., Phrenicoabdominal a., Renal a., Lumbar a., Testicular/Ovarian a., Caudal Mesenteric a., Deep circumflex a., External iliac aa., Internal iliac a., Median Sacral |
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Term
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Definition
Phrenicoabdominal
Renal
Lumbar
Testicular/Ovarian
Deep circumflex iliac
External iliac
Internal iliac |
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Term
| Unpaired Arteries in the Abdomen |
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Definition
Celiac
Cranial Mesenteric
Caudal Mesenteric
Median Sacral |
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Term
| Venous Drainage of Abdomen |
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Definition
Caudal Vena Cava--carries blood from areas with paired arteries
Carries blood back to heart from areas with unpaired arteries (GI, pancrease, spleen, liver) |
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Term
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Definition
| The Portal Vein carries blood from the GI, pancreas, spleen to the liver to be detoxified then it goes tothe caudal vena cava |
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Term
| Portosystemic Shunts (PSS) |
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Definition
Abnormal blood flow in the liver. Blood should go to liver then to caudal vena cava.
PSS- blood goes directly to vena cava without being detoxified in the liver.
Neurologic clinical signs.
PSS can be acquired or congenital |
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Term
| Celiacomesenteric ganglion |
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Definition
Supplies organs of foregut and midgut
Ganglia is at the root of equivalent arteris
Aggregation of both cranial mesenteric and celiac components. |
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Term
| Caudal Mesenteric ganglion |
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Definition
Viscera of hindgut.
Located at the root of the equivalent artery |
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Term
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Definition
* Sympathetic neurons between symp. trunk and ganglia
Major splanchnic
Minor splanchnic
Lumbar splanchnic |
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Term
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Definition
Dorsal vagal trunk
Ventral vagal trunk
(Parasympathetic fibers synapse in the wall of the organ innervated) |
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Term
| Abdominal Lymphatic drainage |
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Definition
| Lymph goes from Viscera--> lymph centers --> cisterna chyli -->lumbar trunk --> thoracic duct. |
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Term
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Definition
Parenchymatous organs--lymph centers named after organ they drain
Celiacomesenteric lymph center- foregut and midgut (root of mesentery)
Caudal mesenteric lymph center--hindgut. (Root of caudal mesenteric a.)
Lumbar aortic nodes--urinary tract and dorsal abdomen. At aortic bifurcation. (Ex: Medial iliacs) |
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Term
| Boundaries of Pelvic cavity |
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Definition
Pelvic inlet:
Dorsal- promontory (cranial ventral part) sacrum
Ventrally- pelvic symphysis
Laterally-arcuate line of ilium
Pelvic outlet:
Dorsal- Cd 1
Ventrally- Ischiatic arch
Laterally- sacrotuberous ligament
Perineum : tissue covering pelvic outlet and form body wall
Pelvic diaphragm: levator ani and coccygeus mm. |
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Term
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Definition
Pelvic fascia (continues from transversalis fascia)
Peritoneum- (extension of abdominal peritoneum) |
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Term
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Definition
Pubovesical - btwn pubis and bladder (around median ligament)
Vesicogenital pouch- btwn bladder and uterus (female) or genital fold (male)
Rectogenital pouch- btwn rectum and uterus or genital fold
Pararectal fossa- rectogenital pouch on either side of rectum
*Genital fold is the small fold that is dorsal to the bladder that has the ductus deferens and ureters. |
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Term
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Definition
Body
Neck
Trigone (where ureteral openings are) |
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Term
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Definition
Detrusor m - smooth muscle around apex and body. Pelvic n.
Internal urethral sphincter- smooth. Hypogastric n.
External urethral sphincter-- "Urethralis m" straited. Pudendal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
Stretch receptors- sensory info to spinal cord
Relay to CNS for conscious perception
Emptying Phase- Parasympathetic.
Filling Phase - "Don't pee" Sympathetic ANS |
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Term
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Definition
Pelvic inlet to CD 2 (beginning of anal canal)
Mesorectum is the mesentary |
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Term
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Definition
Rectum to Anus
Surrounded by internal sphincter m (smooth) and external sphincter m (striated)
3 zones: Columnar, Intermediate (anal sinuses), Cutaneous (anal sacs) |
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Term
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Definition
Anal Glands - open in intermediate zone. Fatty secretion. (NOT IN CAT)
Glands of Anal Sac- empty in cutaneous zone. Produce odorous secretions. Cause problems. (Cats DO have these)
Circumanal glands-- around anus. Produce Adenomas! |
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Term
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Definition
Defects in pelvic diaphragm
Organs protrude into area around rectum
Outpocketing (sacculation) of the rectum occurs when animal strains to defecate
Leads to straining, constipation, and accidents in house |
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Term
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Definition
Gubernaculum- a ligament going from the abdominal testicles through the inguinal canal to the scrotum.
1. Gubernaculum enlarges inguinal canal and allows testes to descend as the gubernaculum regresses
Descent takes 7-30 days after birth for dogs.
Testes go through inguinal canal, go NEXT to vaginal process |
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Term
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Definition
Parietal vaginal tunic-- outer, fibrous layer. Is cut in an open castration.
Visceral vaginal tunic--covers testis, epididymis and spermatic cord. Is on the testes whether abdominal (cryptorchid) or in scrotum. |
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Term
| Open vs Closed Castration |
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Definition
the difference is whether or not the parietal vaginal tunic has been opened or not.
Open- open parietal vaginal tunic. Large and older dogs. BETTER ligature.
Closed- do not open the parietal vaginal tunic. Small dogs and cats. |
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Term
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Definition
*Stores sperm before ejaculation*
Parts:
Head
Body
Tail (att to ductus deferens)
Proper ligament- tail of epididymis to testis
Ligament of the tail of the epididymis- tail to parietal vaginal tunic |
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Term
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Definition
Transports sperm from epididymis to the urethra by contractions of smooth m.
Loops around the ureters at the bladder
Colliculus seminalis-- where ductus deferens open into the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
Consists of:
Ductus deferens and blood supply
Testicular arteries
Testicular veins (the pampiniform plexus)
Testicular plexus of ANS nn.
Lymphatic drainage
Connective tissue
Vaginal tunic
Mesorchium- mesentery of spermatic cord
Mesoductus - mesentery lining the canal to ductus deferens? |
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Term
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Definition
Prostate gland (Dogs and cats) Palpable. Adds fluid to the ejaculate.
Dogs- surrounds urethra
Cats- dorsal and lateral to urethra
Bulbourethral gland (Cats only) - under bulbospongiosus. Not palpable |
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Term
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Definition
Bulbus glandis- involved in copulatory lock. Made of corpus spongiosum. Supplied by artery of the bulb of the penis.
Pars longa glandis-- supplied by dorsal artery of the penis. Distal end of penis.
In the cat it is covered in cornified spines involved in vaginal stimulation (because cats are induced ovulators) |
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Term
| Erectile Muscles of the Penis |
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Definition
Corpus Cavernosum penis - deep a.
Corpus spongiosum penis - artery of the bulb
Pars longa glandis- Distal os penis Dorsal artery of the penis. |
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Term
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Definition
Glans penis
Urethral groove on ventral surface--where urethra sits |
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Term
| Muscles of the Penis (non erectile) |
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Definition
Retractor penis m - smooth. Retracts penis.
Ischiocavernosus m. - striated. Covers crura of root of penis
Ischiourethralis m- fibrous ring around dorsal vein.Occludes venous return during erection.
Bulbospongiosus m - striated. Coversbulbs of penis. |
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Term
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Definition
Artery of the bulb- corpus spongiosum and urethra
Deep artery- Corpus cavernosum
Dorsal artery- glans and prepuce |
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Term
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Definition
Hypogastric - Sympathetic
Pelvic n - Parasympathetic
Pudendal n --> Perineal n. sensory skin of anus, perineum, scrotum, motor penis muscles
--> Dorsal nerve of penis - with dorsal artery and nerve. MAIN sensory n. of penis |
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Term
| Erection, Intromission, Copulatory lock |
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Definition
Initiated by compression of dorsal vein by the ischiourethralis m.
Dog penetrates with partial erection.
Constriction of dorsal vein by the constrictor vestibuli m. of agina completes the swelling of bulbous glandis
Unable to withdraw--Copulatory Lock! 5-25 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
Cervix
Vagina
Vestibule
Vulva |
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Term
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Definition
Between Uterine body and Vagina
Cervical Canal
Internal uterine ostium- opens into uterus
External uterine ostium - into vagina |
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Term
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Definition
Urethral tubercle - opening of tubercle
Vestibular bulb- Erectile tissue
Clitoris- homologous to penis
Fossa clitoridis- Depression on floor |
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Term
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Definition
external urogenital orifice.
Surrounded by labia |
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Term
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Definition
Constrictor vestibuli m - around urethra, vestibule, and caudal vagina. Constricts around the penis.
Constrictor vulvae m. - encircles vestibule and vulva |
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Term
| Blood supply of Female Urogenital |
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Definition
Vaginal a. - caudal vagina, vestibule
Artery of clitoris - clitoris and vestibular bulbs
External pudendal a. - labia |
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Term
| Innervation of Female urogenital |
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Definition
Hypogastric - Symp.
Pelvic n. - Parasymp.
Pudendal splits into Perineal and Dorsal n.
Perineal- sensory skin of anus, perineum, labia. Motor to constrictor vestibuli.
Dorsal n of clitoris- sensory to clitoris |
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Term
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Definition
To superficial gluteal muscles.
From Internal iliac a.
Gives of Iliolumbar a. and Cranial gluteal a. |
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Term
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Definition
Comes off external iliac
Gives off Umbilical a, Caudal gluteal a, Internal Pudendal |
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Term
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Definition
Comes off of Internal Iliac a.
Gives off Vaginal a or Prostatic a, Uterine a., Ventral perineal, Artery of clitoris or Artery of penis. |
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Term
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Definition
Comes off Internal pudendal a
Gives off Caudal vesical (caudal bladder) and Middle rectal (rectum/vagina) |
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Term
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Definition
Comes off Internal pudendal a.
Gives off arter of ductus deferens, Caudal vesical a., and Middle rectal a (rectum, prostate, urethra) |
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Term
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Definition
Comes off of Internal pudendal a.
Gives off Caudal rectal a. |
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Term
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Definition
Comes off of Internal pudendal a.
Gives off Artery of the bulb, Deep artery, and Dorsal arteries of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
Gives off :
Caudal rectal n - external anal sphincter
Perineal n. - skin of anus, perineum, scrotum/labia
Dorsal nerve of penis/ clitoris |
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Term
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Definition
Lateral aspects of rectum
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic- hypogastric nn
Parasympathetic- Pelvic nn. |
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