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| 2 best and most practical ways to evalute a child's health: |
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Definition
- body measurements
- developmental milestones |
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| Cranial sutures may be separated or overlapping at birth, most close by __ __ of age but do not ossify until __ __. |
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Definition
- 6 months
- early adulthood |
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| The __ fontanel closes before the __ fontaneil. |
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| - posterior before anterior |
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| The posterior fontanel closes: |
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| - b/w 6 weeks and 4 months, sometimes already closed at birth |
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| The anterior fontanel closes: |
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(kg)/heigh in meters/height in meters
OR
(pounds/inches/inches) x 703 |
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- Newborns based on gestational age
- Birth to 3 years
- 2 to 18 years
- Males vs. Females
- Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, etc. |
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| Typical screening tests done in pediatrics: |
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Definition
LISTC
- Lead
- Iron deficiency
- STD
- TB
- Cholesterol |
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Term
| when should lead screening begin? |
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Definition
| questionairres starting at 6 months |
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| when should iron deficiency screening be done? |
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Definition
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| when should TB screening be done? |
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Definition
| questionaires starting at 6 months, administer PPD if indicated |
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Term
| when should cholesterol screening begin? |
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Definition
- 2 years for high risk children (FHx of CV disease or parent with cholesterol greater than 240)
- universal cholesterol screen for all kids after age 10 |
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| when should stds be screened for? |
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Definition
- any sexually active adolescent
OR
- any peds pt 16 and older (even if deny sexual activity) |
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| 2 best screening test in peds: |
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Definition
- Parent's Evaulation of Development Status (PEDs)
- Ages and Stages Questionnaire |
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Term
| development of gross and fine motor skills is greatest when? |
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Definition
| during first 3 years of life |
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Term
| first year of life motor development: |
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Definition
| rapid acquisition of gross/fine motor skills |
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Term
| Toddler/preschool (ages 1-3) motor skills: |
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Definition
- Reaction time quickens
- Improved hand-eye coordination
- Improved manual dexterity |
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| Early childhood (4+ years) motor: |
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Definition
- large muscle movements and coordination are being perfected
- fine motor skills gradually improve |
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| Early school years/mid-childhood (6-12 years) motor: |
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- improved strength, coordination, and stamina
- improved complex pattern movements like basektaball,dancing, and piano |
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- Sits alone momentarily: 4-8 months
- Rolls from back to stomach: 4-10 months
- Sits steadily: 5-9 months
- Gets to sitting: 6-11 months
- Pulls to standing: 6-12 months
- Stands alone: 9-6 months
- Walks 3 steps alone: 9-17 months
- Walks well: 12-13 months
- Stoops and recovers: 15 months
- Walks backwards: 18 months
- Kicks ball forward: 2 years
- Throws ball overhand: 3 years
- Balances on 1 foot, 2 seconds and hops: 4 years
- Balances on one foot, 3 seconds, and skips: 5 years
- Catches a ball: 5 years |
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| Balances on one foot for 2 seconds and hops: |
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| Balances on 1 foot for 3 seconds and skips: |
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| Radial digital grasp b/w the thumb and side of index finger (swipe): |
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| Perfection of pincer grasp between fingertips/fingernails of thumb and index finger? |
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| Imitates vertical or circular motions when scribbling, tower of six blocks: |
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| Copies circles, can build bridge of cubes: |
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| copies cross, builds stack of cubes: |
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| draw a person fine motor task: |
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- ask child to draw themself
- each of the following features count as one point: trunk, neck, 2 arms, 2 legs, 2 hands, 2 feet, 2 eyes, 2 ears, nose, mouth, hair
- Each point = 1/4 year added to base age of 2 years |
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Term
| difference b/w ABR and OAE: |
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Definition
- ABR (auditory brainstem reponse)- measures the brainstem responding to sounds
- OAE (otoacoustic emissions) measures the echo reflected back from the microphone from sounds played in a baby's ear, normal hearing= echo, hearing loss= no echo |
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| Questions to assess hearing in 0-3 month old: |
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Definition
- Does your baby quiet when you talk to him/her (when he/she can't see you)?
- Does your baby startle to loud noises? |
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| Questions to assess hearing in 4-6 month old? |
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- Does your baby turn his/her head at the sound of your voice?
- Does your baby smile or stop crying when someone he/she knows speaks? |
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| Questions to assess hearing in a 7-9 month old? |
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- Does your baby stop and pay attention when you say no or call his/her name?
- Does your baby make strings of sound like "bababa" or "dadada"?
- Does your baby move his/her head to localize a new sound? |
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| Questions to assess hearing in 10-15 month old? |
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Definition
- Does your baby give you toys when you ask without using gestures?
- Does baby point to familar object if asked? |
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| Questions to assess hearing in a 16-24 month old? |
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Definition
- Does your child use voice most of the time to get what they want?
- Does your child go get objects if asked? |
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| Questions to ask for hearing assessment between ages 25 and 36 months: |
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Definition
- Does child answer questions like who, what, when, where...
- Does child notice different sounds like shoutikng, doorbells, and the telephone |
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| number one cause of speech delay: |
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| what ages is studdering normal? |
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| Guidelines for referral for speech/hearing? |
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Definition
- Not talking by age 2 years
- Unintelligble speech by age 3 years
- Not talking in sentences by age 3 years
- Child is embarassed by his/her speech at any age
- Other known disorder (autism, hearing loss, mr, studdering-normal b/w 2.5 and 4 y/o) |
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| When babies should be using symbolic jargon and gestures and repeats parent initiated sounds: |
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| normal speech for 18 month-2 year old: |
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| - 2 word sentences, 25% intelligble |
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| normal speech for 3 year old: |
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Definition
- 3-4 word sentences
- 75% intelligible
- uses pronouns and pleurals |
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| normal speech for 4 year old: |
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Definition
- tells stories
- uses past tense
- counts to 3
- names primary colors |
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| speech of a 12-18 month old: |
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Definition
uses words to express needs
20-50 words by 18 months |
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| Normal eye movements for term newborn: |
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Definition
- focuses on face
- briefly tracks objects |
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| normalvision for 1 month old: |
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Definition
| - track object 60 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically |
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| normal vision assessment of 2 month old: |
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Definition
- tracks across midline
- RESPONSIVE SMILE
- follows movments 6 feet away |
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| Normal vision assessment of 3 month old: |
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Definition
- tracks 180 degrees
- looks at hands |
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| Normal vision assessment of 4-5 month old: |
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Definition
- reaches for object 1 foot away
- notices raisin 1 foot away
- familiar smile |
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| Age that babies tend to start smiling at self in mirror: |
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Definition
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| Baby rakes at a raisin,what age does this start? |
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| Age that baby starts noting visual detail, pokes at holes in a peg board, and punches elevator buttons: |
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| Age that neat pincer grasp develops: |
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| Age that babies start to stack blocks and place a peg in a round hole: |
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| feeds self and can pass object from hand to hand: |
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| plays appropriately with toy: |
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| brushes teeth without help: |
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