Term
|
Definition
infectious in nature and can affect epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Most common in fall, winter and early spring
Often present with hoarseness, stridor, barking cough
Infants often more severely affected. In small airways, same degree of inflammation causes proportionately more obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller caliber in airways can lead to greater chance for... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute onset. May have mild preceding URI
Fever, tachypnea and tachycardia
Sore throat, dysphagia, drooling
Inspiratory stridor, muffled voice
Retractions
Sit leaning forward (“sniffing position”)
Child anxious and agitated
Toxic appearance--appear sicker than they sound
Most common between the ages of 2-5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Life-threatening infection that may be preceded by croup
Child appears toxic with fever and increasing respiratory distress unrelieved by nebulized epinephrine
Soft tissue radiographs show ragged appearance of tracheal wall (like when you tear a paper.. That is what the tracheal wall looks like)
Requires prompt recognition, IV antibiotics, intubation, frequent suctioning to prevent acute obstruction from purulent secretions (keep suctioning because secretions are very purulent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common viral illness
Causes inflammation of small airways (effects the small terminal bronchioles)
Characterized by wheezing |
|
|
Term
| transmission of respiratory syncytial virus |
|
Definition
Direct contact with respiratory secretions, mainly by inoculation from hand to eye, nose or other mucous membrane
Direct inoculation with large-particle aerosol
Contact with contaminated fomites
Can live for hours on countertops, gloves, tissues
Can live for half an hour on skin
Airborne transmission (small particle aerosol) has not been documented |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Average _____ infections (URI's) a year wach infections lasts _____ |
|
|
Term
| hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis |
|
Definition
| Progressive obstruction leads to... |
|
|
Term
Use of oxygen with cool mist controversial (may mask signs of increasing hypoxia; cool mist wont help much)
Intubation under controlled condition
Preparation to do immediate tracheotomy if intubation unsuccessful
IV antibiotics (within about 24 hours there is dramatic tx in their condition) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Croup Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis |
|
Definition
Viral infection that results in edema and inflammation in the glottic and sub-glottic areas of the airway
(obstruction is huge problem due to inflammation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alert and comfortable. Intermittent soft stridor with activity. No retractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Continuous audible stridor at rest
Mild retractions
Breath sounds normal or decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Agitation or lethargy
Pallor--cyanosis
Marked retractions
Decreased breath sounds |
|
|
Term
Keep child calm
Same as for mild croup
Monitor oxygen saturation. Oxygen if saturation <95%
Dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg up to 10 mg, IM or PO) or nebulized budesonide (2 mg)
Consider
Nebulized epinephrine 5 ml of 1:1000
Or
Racemic epinephrine 2.25% solution, 0.5 ml in 3 ml saline |
|
Definition
| management for moderate croup |
|
|
Term
As for mild/moderate croup
Observe for at least 3-5 hours after dexamethasone and epinephrine.
Hospitalization if symptoms continue/recur
May consider discharge if:
Stridor absent or mildly present only with distress
No retractions
Parents reliable
Family has phone and lives within few minutes of health care facility |
|
Definition
| management for severe croup... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Approximately 50% of children have illness in first two years of life
95% have serologic evidence by age 3
Most common between ages of 2 and 12 months
Peak incidence November – April |
|
|
