Term
|
Definition
Foreskin is narrowed and cannot be retracted.
Normal in young boys. Resolves by adolescence.
If persistent, predisposes to infection and irritation
If severe may cause voiding problems.
Treatment |
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Term
|
Definition
Urethral orifice is on the ventral surface of the penis
On the glans, minimal defect
13% unrethral opening on the penis shaft or penoscrotal area
chordee (penile bowing) is often present
Treatment
Surgery (multi-stage)
May use foreskin in repair so circumcision is contraindicated |
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Term
| Undescended Testicles (Cryptorchidism) |
|
Definition
Failure of testicles to descend into scrotum
May be absent (anorchia)
Must be distinguished from hyperactive cremasteric reflex (when it goes up back into the top of the scrotum)
May remain in inguinal canal or abdomen.
3% of newborn and 20%of premature males born with cryptorchidism
By age 1, 80% have descended into scrotum
Of those not is scrotum, 1/3 are retractile
Degeneration of sperm forming cells may occur if not corrected |
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Term
a female fetus is virilized (may be congenital adrenal hyperplasia- this can result in sudden death due to hypovolemic shock because they lose salt) or
a male fetus is incompletely masculinized. |
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Definition
| two basic causes of intersex |
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Term
|
Definition
(XY)
Defects in testicular differentiation
Deficiency of testicular hormones
Defects in androgen action |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
|
Definition
Lack ability to synthesize cortisol increased secretion of CRH and ACTH hyperplasia of adrenals excess production of sex hormones
virilized female |
|
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Term
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
|
Definition
About 75% also have insufficient aldosterone unable to maintain sodium balance present with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis and shock
May cause ambiguous genitalia in females
May be especially critical in boys who do not have ambiguous genitalia to alert providers (mostly occurs in females) |
|
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Term
| it may fill with fluid and become a hydrocele |
|
Definition
As the testicle moves into the scrotum it passes through the processus vaginalis (PV), which is then normally is obliterated
If the PV persists... |
|
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Term
| ureterpelvic junction obstruction |
|
Definition
Causes: stenosis (narrowing), abnormal insertion, pressure on ureter by vessel, caliculi or neoplasm
Symptoms: abdominal mass, pain, FTT (failure to thrive), nausea and vomiting, high BP, hematuria [abdominal exam]
Treatment: close follow up, surgery |
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Term
| posterior urethral valves |
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Definition
Occurs in males--accentuation of normal folds and ridges in male.
Symptoms: dribbling, FTT, renal acidosis, recurrent UTI
Treatment: surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
Congenital narrowing of meatus as result of inflammation and scar tissue.
Symptoms: abnormally shaped or sized meatus, poor urinary stream. |
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Term
|
Definition
May result from ascending infection from lower urinary tract or from hematogenous spread
May lead to irreversible renal scarring in large percentage of infants and young children
About 25% of end stage renal disease in children results from scarring secondary to infection |
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