Term
| The 3 main events that occur in an infants heart after birth...... |
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Definition
| clousure of: the ductus venosis, framen ovale and the ductus arteriosus |
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Term
| when does the transition from fetal to pulmonary circulation occur? |
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Definition
| over a few hours after birth |
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Term
| after birth the ductus venosus closes causing..... |
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Definition
| blood to now flow into the liver |
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Term
| when _____ closes after birth blood can no longer flow between R & L atria, causes a change in pressure in the cardiac chambers. |
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Definition
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Term
| What tests reveal only the size and shape of the heart |
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Definition
radiological studies
X-rays
Scans |
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Term
| which tests further looks to find patters of movment, contration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an Electrocardiogram (EKG) do? |
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Definition
| measures the electrical activity |
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Term
| What type of EKG is done affter exercise? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does a cardiac cath test measure? |
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Definition
O2 levels in each heart chamber
pressure in each chamber
identifies anatomic alterations |
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Term
|
Definition
tetalogy of fallot
transposition of great vessles
hypoplastic left hreatr |
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Term
|
Definition
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Stenotic (obstructive) defects |
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Term
|
Definition
four defects:
pulmonic stenosis
right ventrical hypertrophy
ventricular septal defect
overiding of aorta |
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Term
Tetralogy of fallot
symptoms |
|
Definition
cyanosis
hypoxic spells
increased respiration & HR
pallor |
|
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Term
Tetralogy of fallot
age of diagnosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Transposition of Great Vessels |
|
Definition
aorta arises from the right ventrical
pulmonary artery arises from the left ventrical
creates two closed circulatory pathways
right to left shunting of blood |
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Term
Transposition of Great Vessels
treatment |
|
Definition
administer prostaglandin E1
palliative and corrective surgery
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Term
|
Definition
abnormally small left ventrical at birth--life threatening
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Term
Hypoplastic Left Heart
Treatment |
|
Definition
Prostaglandin E1
transplant
survival low rate |
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Term
Hypoplastic Left Heart
S/S |
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Definition
Faitgue
difficulty feeding
delayed developmental milestones
FTT
clubing of fingers
development of CHF |
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Term
Stenotic Obstructive Defects
Cause |
|
Definition
abnormal narrowing of arteries/valves of heart
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|
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Term
Stenotic Obstructive Defects
Treatment |
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Definition
| Sergical Repair good prognosis |
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Term
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) |
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Definition
| Ductus Arteriosus remains open after birth |
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Term
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
S/S |
|
Definition
heart murmer
dyspnea
full bounding pulse
frequent respiratory infections |
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Term
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Treatment |
|
Definition
surgical ligation
IV indomethacin--for premature infants |
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Term
Atrial Septal Defects (ASD)
Cause |
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Definition
| defect between the atria causing left to right shunt of oxygenated blood recycling |
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Term
Atrial Septal Defects (ASD)
S/S |
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Definition
| usually asymptomatic found in pre-school or later with easy exhaustion after activities; if large may produce murmer and possible risk of stroke |
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Term
Atrial Septal Defects (ASD)
Treatment |
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Definition
|
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Term
Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)
Cause |
|
Definition
defect between ventricals of the heart allowing blood to flow from left to right; causes increased pulmonary blood flow
most common congenital heart defect |
|
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Term
Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)
S/S |
|
Definition
mostly asymptomatic
tacypnea
dyspnea
FTT
CHF
pulmonary hypertension
systolic murmer |
|
|
Term
Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)
Treatment |
|
Definition
patching in infancy
most close on their own |
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Term
CHF
Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
feeding difficulties
weight loss
irritability
frequent infections
tachycardia
respiratory distress
elevated BP
edema
hepatomegaly
jugular vein distension |
|
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Term
|
Definition
low cardiac output
unable to support the bodies needs
burdens the lungs with blood overload while waiting for the heart to pump
lungs become wet with fluid overload |
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Term
|
Definition
increase myocardial contractility
increase cardiac output |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
inhibits angiotension II causes vessels to dialate
lowers BP |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
involves the heart, joints, and connective tissue
caused by group A beta hemolytic strep infection |
|
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Term
Rheumatic Fever
Manifestation |
|
Definition
endocarditis
polyarthritis
chorea
erythema marginatum
subcutaneous nodules
fever
|
|
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Term
Rheumatic Fever
Treatment |
|
Definition
monitor cardiac function
bedrest until ESR returns to normal
Meds: asprin, prednisone, anti-inflamatories, penicillin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
vascular inflammatory disease
occurs under 5 years old preceded by URI
in the USA most common cause of acquired heart disease in children |
|
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Term
|
Definition
cardiac arrhythmias
CHF
enlarged lymph nodes
swollen hands and feet
rash/red lips
hepatic dysfunction |
|
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Term
Kawasaki's Disease
Phase I |
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Definition
| one to ten days fever, swelling |
|
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Term
Kawasaki's Disease
Phase II |
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Definition
ten to twenty-five days
drop in ESR
|
|
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Term
Kawasaki's Disease
Treatment |
|
Definition
treat symptoms
Meds: high dose of asprin, gamma globulin |
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Term
|
Definition
due to infection related to:
indwelling lines
prosthetic shunts and valves
rheumatic fever |
|
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Term
Infective Endocarditis
Cause |
|
Definition
usually staff or strep
produces toxins that attack the lining of valves and arterial vessels of the heart |
|
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Term
Infective Endocarditis
S/S |
|
Definition
fever
fatigue
joint and muscle pain
headache
nausia
vomitting |
|
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Term
Infective Endocarditis
Treatment |
|
Definition
long term IV antibiotics
prophylaxis for two to eight weeks |
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