Term
|
Definition
-decreased linear growth
-progressive central or generalized obesity
-hirsuitism
-weakness
-acne
-hypertension
-hyperpigmentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-decrease exogenous sources of corticosteroids
-excise tumor |
|
|
Term
| congenital hypopituitarism |
|
Definition
| absent hypothalamic releasing factors |
|
|
Term
| congenital defects of pituitary secretion |
|
Definition
-anatomic
-holoprosencephaly
-cleft palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-insulin resistance
-relative insulin deficiency
-acanthosis niagricans
-Absence of Ab’s to B-cell antigens
-Due to: obesity, cystic fibrosis, genetic defects in receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-MOST COMMON pediatric endocrine disorder
-1/300-500 <18
-higher in whites, lower in mexis and blacks
-genetic correlation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fasting serum glucose >126
-2 hr postprandial glucose >200 on two separate occasions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fasting serum glucose >100 and <126
-2 hour postprandial glucose >140 and <200 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 Diabetes clinical presentation |
|
Definition
-Hyperglycemia
-Ketogenesis
-glycosuria |
|
|
Term
| "classic presentation" of Type 1 Diabetes |
|
Definition
-Polyuria
-Polydipsia
-Polyphagia
-Weight loss |
|
|
Term
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) |
|
Definition
-ABG pH <7.25
-Bicarb <15 mEq/L
-Increased ketones in serum and/or urine |
|
|
Term
| type 1 pathophysiology of DKA |
|
Definition
| -Absence of insulin>liver oxidizes fatty acids>forms ketone bodies>forms organic acids>metabolic acidosis (increase in anion gap) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-polyuria/polydipsia
-N/V
-abd pain
-Kussmaul respirations
-Fruity breath
-altered mental status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-elevated serum glucose (200-1000)
-ABG pH <7.25
-Bicarb <15
-sodium-elevated, normal, decreased
-elevated BUN
-elevated WBC with left shift |
|
|
Term
| serum glucose and sodium interrelationship |
|
Definition
| For every 100 mg/dL serum glucose is elevated over normal, serum sodium is depressed 1.6 mEq/l |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-careful replacement of fluid deficit
-correction of acidosis
-correction of elevated glucose with insulin
-monitor complications of treatment closely (cerebral edema) |
|
|
Term
Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin Regimen
if have 2 daily injections |
|
Definition
2/3 total daily dose in AM
1/3 in PM |
|
|
Term
Type 1 diabetes
Insulin Regimen
Ratio of Insulin in AM |
|
Definition
2/3 intermediate (NPH)
1/3 short-acting insulin |
|
|
Term
type 1 diabetes
insulin regimen
Ration of Insulin in PM |
|
Definition
| 1/2 intermediate and 1/2 short acting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-in pts with new onset DM, the beta cell mass has not been completely destroyed
-remaining cells recover with insulin treatment and produce insulin for a few months (can sometimes last up to 2 years) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-3 meals & 3 snacks
-45 gm CHO per meal and 15 gm CHO per snack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peripheral insulin resistance with failure of pancreas to maintain compensatory hyperinsulinemia to maintain normal glucose levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-serum glucose <45 abnormal and requires immediate treatment
-serum glucose <55 can occur in normal individuals but should be suspect for hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| jitteriness, feeding difficulties, seizure, decreased level of consciousness, apnea/bradycardia, hypotonia |
|
|
Term
| Older children hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
| confusion/irritability, seizure, headache, tachycardia, coma, tremors, sweating, weakness, visual changes |
|
|
Term
| Older children hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
| confusion/irritability, seizure, headache, tachycardia, coma, tremors, sweating, weakness, visual changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Beckman-Wiedemann syndrome
-Islet cell adenoma
-Hypopituitarism
-CAH
-Addison's disease
-Metabolic disorders
-Munschausen's by proxy |
|
|
Term
| GH secretion enhanced by... |
|
Definition
-alpha-adrenergic stimulation
-hypoglycemia
-starvation
-exercise
-early stages of sleep
-stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-beta-adrenergic stimulation
-hyperglycemia
-GH treatment |
|
|
Term
| short stature genetic syndromes |
|
Definition
-Prader Willi
-Angelman
-Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome
-Laron syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Biosynthetic recombinant DNA-derived GH
-Dosage of GH titrated to growth rate
-Treat other complications of short stature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No sign of puberty in girls at 13 y.o and boys at 14 y.o. |
|
|
Term
| constitutional delay in growth and adolescence |
|
Definition
-generally have Fam Hx
-spontaneous puberty starts when bone age reaches 11 years in girls and 12 years in boys
-adult height is usually normal |
|
|
Term
| Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism |
|
Definition
-Kallman syndrome
-CNS syndrome
-Idiopathic hypopituitarism
-Anorexia nervosa
-Chronic systemic illness |
|
|
Term
| Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism |
|
Definition
-Ovarian failure
-Testicular failure
-Primary amenorrhea |
|
|
Term
| Sexual precocious puberty |
|
Definition
-Sexual development before 8 in girls in 9 in boys
-Mean age breast development is 10 in white girls 9 in blacks
-mean age for menarche is 12.2-12.9 (can range from 10-15) |
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