Term
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Definition
| Inflammatory changes in the skin. |
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Term
| What are the two types of dermatitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is atopic dermatitis also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis? |
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Definition
1. Appears to involve genetic defect in the proteins supporting the epidermal barrier
2. May have elevated IgE levels-associated with asthma and higher sensitivity to allergens.
3. Environmental allergens, irritants and microbes
penetrate the skin and come in contact with immune cells leading to release of proinflammatory mediators |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis? |
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Definition
1. Red, scaly, crusted lesions
2. Pruritic
3. Can include vesicles
4. May have scratch marks
5. Involves the antecubital fossae, popliteal fossae, neck, areas around the eyes, fronts of ankles
6. Generally dry skin throughout |
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Term
| What are the treatments of atopic dermatitis? |
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Definition
1. Eliminating exacerbating factors
–Excessive bathing, low humidity, emotional stress, overheating of skin, exposure to detergent
2. Maintaining skin hydration (aquaphor, eucerin)
3. Controlling pruritus antihistamines)
4. Therapy for inflammation (corticosteroids)
5. Management of infection (antibiotics)
*NOT contagious |
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Term
| What is contact dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Inflammatory reaction of the skin is due to chemical substances (natural or synthetic). |
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Term
| What part of the body does contact dermatitis usually occur in? |
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Definition
| Typically in an exposed region (face, neck, back of hands, forearms, lower legs). |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of contact dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Erythema, bullae, swollen base, constant pruritis. |
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Term
| What is the etiology of contact dermatitis? |
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Definition
Diaper dermatitis, plants (poison ivy), irritants (wool, furs, metals, oils, dyes, cosmetics, perfumes,
soaps…). |
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Term
| What is the etiology of diaper dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Prolonged, repetitive exposure to urine, feces, soaps, and friction. |
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Term
| What age is diaper dermatitis common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the treatments for diaper dermatitis? |
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Definition
1. Zinc oxide treatment.
2. If progresses to candidiasis (beefy red central erythema with satellite pustules) must treat with antifungal (Nystatin cream). |
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Term
| What are the nursing managements for dermatitis? |
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Definition
As in all dermatitis:
1. Avoid irritant
2. Wetness and fecal irritant: change diaper frequently and leave open to air in between diaper changes
3. Use superabsorbent disposable diapers
4. Use skin barrier cream with each diaper change
5. Avoid wipes and perfumed soaps (can irritate)
6. Use water and mild soap to clean |
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