Term
| what other disease is asthma associated with it, how does this change the condition |
|
Definition
| if the child has exzema the asthma is severe |
|
|
Term
| what are the causes of asthma |
|
Definition
family history
enivornmental triggers
hyperreacttivity to allergens, infection, exercise, cold, or dry air |
|
|
Term
| what are some general qualifacting factors for asthma (5) |
|
Definition
peak onset 5yo
reoccuring eopsodes
type 1 hypersensitivity
symptoms between episodes
bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| define bronchochnstriction, how does it happen, what is the treatment |
|
Definition
narrowing of small bronchi due to mucosal edema, mucous production, and smooth muscle contraction
bronchodilators |
|
|
Term
| mild intermittent asthma: PFT score, school/hospital visits, symptoms |
|
Definition
normal PFT
no school absences, ED, or hospital bisit
cough, wheeze, anusea
no dyspena or intercostal breathing
normal color |
|
|
Term
| mild intermittent asthma tx |
|
Definition
| B2 agonist (albuterol) for rapid relief as needed |
|
|
Term
| mild persistent asthma: qualifing timing, symptoms, school/hospital visits, PFT score |
|
Definition
symptoms more than 2x a week but not daily
acute exacerbating, noctournal symptoms
occasional school absences, ED visit, or hospitalization
20-30% PFT decrease |
|
|
Term
| rapid and long term treatment for mild persistant asthma |
|
Definition
rapid relief: B2 inhaled agonist
long term: low dose inhaled steroids, cromolyn or nedoctomil, or leukotriene agonists |
|
|
Term
| moderate persistent asthma: frequency, symptoms, school/hospital visits, PFT score |
|
Definition
daily symptoms, noctournal symptoms once a week
inspuratory and expiratory wheezing, moderate dyspnea, accessory muscle use, pale color
considerable school missed, occasional ED or hospital visit
PFT 30-40% decreased |
|
|
Term
| moderate persistent asthma tx: rapid and long term |
|
Definition
rapid: B2 agonist as medium dose inhaled steroid as needed
long term
low dose inhaled steroid + long acting B2 agonist
OR
low dose inhaled steroid + leukotriene agonist
OR
low dose inhaled steroid + sustained release throphylline |
|
|
Term
| severe persistent asthma: frequency, symptoms, hospital/school visits, PFT score |
|
Definition
continous symptoms, frequent noctournal symptoms
severe dyspena (short phrases or words), accessory muscle use, cyanotic color, breath sounds inaudible on ascultation
frequent hospitalizations including PICU
40-50% PFT decrease |
|
|
Term
| O2 sat and PCO2 for severe persistent asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment severe persistent asthma rapid and long term |
|
Definition
rapid: inhaled B agonist as needed
Long term
high dose inhaled steroid + long ating B2 agonist
OR
leukotriene antagonist
OR
sustained release theophylline
systemic steroids added to any at low dose if needed |
|
|
Term
| what are the common B2 agonists, what are their differences, how are they administered |
|
Definition
nebulized if less than 5yo, inhaler normally
short acting: albuterol
long acting: salmeterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| budesonide, fluticasone, triamcinolone |
|
|
Term
| name an LT4 (leukotriene) agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asthma scoring level 1: 5 qualifications |
|
Definition
mild intercostal reactions
slight decrease in air entry
!/E ratio: 1.5/2 to 1/2
LOC restless or agitated when disturbed
mild wheezing |
|
|
Term
| Asthma scoring level 2: 5 qualifications |
|
Definition
Moderate intercostal to generalized retractions
Moderate decrease in air entry
I/E ratio: ½ to 1/3
LOC restless or agitated when undisturbed
Moderate wheezing |
|
|
Term
| Asthma scoring level 3: 6 qualifications |
|
Definition
Dusky or cyanotic color
Generalized retractions and accessory muscle use
Severe decrease to air entry
I/E Ratio: >1/3
LOC lethargic, depressed
Severe generalized wheezing |
|
|
Term
| asthma scoring level 0: 5 qualifications |
|
Definition
| no retraction, normal air entry, IE 1.5/1, LOC normal, no wheezing |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in primary etiology in asthma and bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
a: viruses, allergins, exercise
B: resiratory synctial virus, other virus |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in age of onset in asthma and bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
a: 50% by 2yo, 80% by 5yo
B: <20 mo |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in wheezing in asthma and bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
a: acute if allergic or exercised induced
b: insidious |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in family history in asthma and bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
a: frequent family history
b: infrequent family history in children with <2 episodes |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in naso eosinphils in asthma and bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
a: with allergic rhinitis
b: absent |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in chest ascultation in asthma and bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
a: if viral sounds like bronchiolitis, if non viral sounds like high pitched expirtory wheeses
b: fukem subukabt rales, coarse inspiraotry and expiratory wheezes |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in IgEin asthma and bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
a: elevated if allergic
b: normal |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in bronchidilator effect in asthma and bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
a: works
b: does not work or minimally responsive |
|
|
Term
| what are the diseases other than asthma associated with wheezing (11) |
|
Definition
| positional changes, failure to thrive, association to feeding, allergies, bronchiolitis, pneumonitis, rhinorrhea, concormitant stridor, clubbing, abnormalities in great cessels, croup |
|
|
Term
| what conditions can positional changes cause where wheezing is a symptom |
|
Definition
infants: abnormalities of great vessels, GERD
kids: GERD |
|
|
Term
| what conditions involve failure to thrive cause where wheezing is also symptom |
|
Definition
in infants
cystic fibrosis
tracheoesophageal fistula
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
in kids
cystic fibrosis
chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
a-antitrypsin deficiency
bronchiecatasis |
|
|
Term
| what conditions associated with feeding cause wheezing |
|
Definition
infant: tracheoesophageal fistula, GERD
kids: GERD |
|
|
Term
| what enivornmental triggers cause wheezing |
|
Definition
infant: allergic asthma
kid: allergic asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
|
|
Term
| what conditions involve a suddent onset of wheezing |
|
Definition
infant: allergic asthma, croup
kid: allergic asthma, acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis, croup |
|
|
Term
| what conditions involve rhinorrhea where wheezing is also symptom |
|
Definition
infant: bronchiolitis, pneumonitis
kid: infectous or allergic asthma, croup |
|
|
Term
| what conditions involve concomitant stridor where wheezing is also symptom |
|
Definition
infant: tracneal or bronchial stenosis abnormalities of great vessels, croup
kids: foreign body aspiration, croup |
|
|
Term
| what conditions involve clubbingwhere wheezing is also symptom |
|
Definition
| cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
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