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Smiles and Coos
Watches a face
Follows people with eyes
laughs
lifts head when on stomach
holds head steady
grasps rattle
Startles to noise |
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Definition
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Babbles
Turns to sound
Responds to Name
Rolls over
Sits independently
transfers objects
supports weight on feet
Uses thumb and fingers to pick up objects
crawls |
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Definition
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follows simple command
Mama & Dada
Sits and plays
Pulls to stand/ Cruises
Reaches and points with purpose
Moves to get object
Increased curiosity
recognizes people
Uses both hands equally well |
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Scribbles with large crayon
walks alone
feeds self with fingers/ begins spoon
4-10 words
Coordinates use of both hands
points to 2 pictures on request
long jabbering sentences
throw ball overhead |
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Definition
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walks up and down stairs
jumps with both feet
draws circles first (squares take more dexterity)
stacks 6-7 blocks
2 word sentences
30-50 word vocabulary |
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Term
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Definition
Birth to 6 YOA
Evaluates Gross & Fine Motor Skills
Language
Personal Social Development
NOT AN INTELLIGENCE TEST |
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Definition
Genital Stage
Age 12-18 YOA |
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Definition
Age 6-12
Latency Stage
Social Development
Moral standards
Super-Ego (Other oriented) |
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Definition
Age 3-6 Years
Phallic Stage
EGO (self-oriented)
Attachment to the opposite sex (oedipus) |
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Age 0-18 MO
Oral Stage
0-6 MO Passive
6-18MO Aggressive (teething) |
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| Identity vs. Role Confusion |
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| Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt |
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Definition
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Term
Ability to abstract
Complex problem solving
Reality Based
Logical Conclusions |
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Definition
Age 11-15
Formal Operational Thought |
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Term
Logical Thought
Logical Operations |
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Definition
Age 7-11
Concrete Thinking |
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Definition
Age 4-7
Intuitive/ Preoperational Thinking |
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Term
Can Focus on Single aspect of situation
NO Cause & Effect Reasoning
Egocentrism
Developing Intuitive Thought
Magical Thinking |
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Definition
Age 2-4
Preoperational Stage |
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Term
Reflexes
Object Permanence
Trial & Error Learning
Simple Problem Solving |
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Definition
Age 0-2 YOA
Sensorimotor Stage |
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Term
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Definition
Come Little Children Big Boys Munch Meat
Central & Lateral incisors (6-8, 7-9)
Cuspid (9-12)
Bicuspid 1&2 (10-12, 10-12)
Molars 1&2 (6-7, 11-13) |
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Definition
Come Little Children, Munch Meat
Central & Lateral Incisors (6-7M)
Cuspid (16M)
Molars 1&2 (12M, 20M) |
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Term
| Pediatric Weight Gain Milestones |
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Definition
0-1 Week Lose 10%
1-2 Weeks Regain Loss
5Mo Double Birth Weight
1 YOA Triple Birth Weight
2 YOA Quadruple Birth Weight
School Age - Gain 5-7 lbs per year
3-6 YOA Gain 2.5" per year |
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Term
| Flouridation Requirements |
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Definition
If local H20 = <0.6ppm flouride
6M-3 YOA - 0.25mg/day
3-6 YOA - 0.5mg/day
6-16 YOA - 1 mg/day |
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Term
| Benefits of Breastfeeding |
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Definition
Perfect Food - Cannot be duplicated
Transfers Antibodies to the child
Fewer Illnesses
Fewer GI Issues (GERD, etc.)
Fewer Allergies secondary to anti-inflammatory agents
Analgesia during pain
Less obesity |
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Term
| Pediatric Nutritional Requirements |
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Definition
0-6M = 120 kcal/kg/day
6M-2YOA = 100
2-10 YOA = 70-100
>10 YOA = 45 |
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Definition
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Definition
| Presence of a third #21 Chromosome |
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Definition
25% Normal
25% Affected
50% Carrier |
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Definition
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Definition
Flat nose -> apparent hypertelorism (wide spaced eyes)
Protruding tongue
Inner epicanthal folds -> upslanting eyes
Hypotonia |
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Term
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Definition
Delayed growth & development
Seizures
Cardiac changes
Hearing/vision changes
Obesity
Leukemia
Early Dementia |
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Term
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Definition
Extra X chromosome (XXY)(only occurs in males)
Makes pt more feminine:
Presents at puberty
Infertility
Tall
Transverse crease
low T
Gynecomastia
LD |
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Term
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Definition
Females only
Missing part or all of one X Chromosome
95% don't survive til birth |
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Term
| Missing part or all of one X Chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Lymphedema
Web Neck
Low hairline
Leaning Disabilities
No secondary sex characteristics
Shield Chest
Wide nipples
Hypertension
Thyroid Problems
Head/Neck abnormalities |
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Definition
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Definition
Connective Tissue
Skeletal, Cardiac, Opthalmic
Tall
Long thin arms, fingers, face
Pectus carinatum (convex) or exacavatum (concave) |
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Definition
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Definition
Ectopia lentis (lens displacement)
Iridodensis (tremor of the lens due to displacement) (jello eye) |
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Definition
Askenazi Jews
Normal at birth. Deterioration starts at 2-6 mo.
Death usually by age 4 |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased muscle tone - listlessness
Blindness-deafness
Seizures - dementia
Veg state - death |
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Definition
| Congenital defect of the parathyroid, thymus, and heart. |
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Definition
Increased infections
Facial abnormalities
Aortic arch anomalies -> increased neonatal mortality
Hypoparathyroidism ->hypocalcemia->seizures
Cognitive/behavioral psychiatric problems |
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Term
| DiGeorge Facial Abnormalities |
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Definition
Lateral displacement of inner canthi
short palpebral fissures (ellipse of the eye)
Short philtrum (line over lip)
micrognathia (mandibular hypoplasia)
Ear anomalies |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Extremely low birth weight |
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Definition
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Term
| Newborn Assessment history |
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Definition
Delivery Process details
Delivery complications
Birth size/weight
Wt for gestational age
apgar
Postnatal assessment |
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Term
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Definition
Done at 1 & 5 minutes
Possible score is 10
Each category is (0, 1, or 2) |
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Definition
APPEARANCE
PULSE
GRIMACE
ACTIVITY
RESPIRATIONS |
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| Average newborn dimensions |
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Definition
wt: 7 lbs
length: 21"
head:13-14" |
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Definition
(only 33%)
All dimensions are proportionate, just small (<10th percentile) |
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Definition
genetic
intrauterine infection (viral, bacterial, protozoal, spirochete)
inborn errors of metabolism
drugs, smoking, xrays, etc. |
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Definition
55% of SGA infants
head, length WNL, but low birth weight |
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Term
|
Definition
Extra fetal compromise (>24 weeks)
Chronic HTN
Pre eclampsia
Renal ds
cyanotic heart ds
hemoglobin problems
abruptio placentae
multiple gestations
ALTITUDE |
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Term
| Large for gestational age Causes |
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Definition
Maternal DM
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Hydrops fetalis
Large Mom |
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Term
| Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome |
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Definition
| Congenital syndrome that causes large babies due to large organs. |
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Term
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Definition
Fatal congenital condition in which there is an abnormal fluid accumulation in 2 or more fetal compartments.
Cause for LGA babies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evaluates gestational age based on physical maturity, neuromuscular maturity |
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Term
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Definition
pinpoint white papules on face (like baby acne).
Usually clears by 1 month |
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Term
|
Definition
"prickly heat"
Obstructed sweat (eccrine) gland ducts |
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Term
|
Definition
Most common newborn rash
blotchy red spots with papules or pustules
starts day 2-5, clears by day 14. |
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Term
|
Definition
discoloration on flanks.
may start after birth
If many large spots or >6 on a 6 YOA suspect NEUROFIBROMATOSIS |
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Term
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Definition
| Suggestive of tuberous sclerosis, xeroderma, or neurofibromatosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| benign, flat, birthmark with wavy borders, irregular shape. Usually blue. May last up to 5 years old. Usually gone by puberty |
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Term
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Definition
VASCULAR birthmark. superficial and deep dilated capillaries in the skin. Permanent Reddish/purple discoloration.
Also associated with SEIZURES,and GLAUCOMA |
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Term
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Definition
| raised, soft red lumps on skin. More common in premies. usually begin to fade after 6 MOA |
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Term
| When do primitive reflexes disappear |
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Definition
| 1 - 2 mo - Pacing/stepping 3 mo - Tonic Neck 3 - 4 mo - Rooting, sucking, Moro 3 - 6 mo - Palmar grasp 4 mo - Plantar grasp 12 mo - or when walking Babinski |
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Term
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Definition
swelling of head due to fluid under the skin
CROSSES MIDLINE
Benign - resolves in 2-3 days |
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Term
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Definition
Blood under periosteum
DOES NOT CROSS MIDLINE |
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Term
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Definition
| larger or smaller than 2 SD. Can mean small brain or hydrocephaly |
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Term
|
Definition
Anterior is largest and closes by 18 mo.
Posterior is small and closes by 3 mo. |
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Term
|
Definition
Premie
IUGR
Hydrocephaly
Down Syndrome
HYPOTHYROIDISM |
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Term
|
Definition
Black spot = obstruction b/w lens and retina
White spot = retinoblastoma or cataracts
Sclera should be white. If DEEP BLUE ck for OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Salt & Pepper speckling" of the iris rule out DOWN SYNDROME |
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Term
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Definition
| heard or felt as hip dislocation is reduced in newborn assessment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling of a slip as the femoral head slips away from the acetabulum causing dislocation in newborn assessment. |
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Term
| Mandatory Newborn Screens |
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Definition
PKU, Galactosemia, Sicle Cell Ds., Hypothyroidism.
Rescreen mandatory if initial screen was<24 hours old. |
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Term
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Definition
DONE AT 1 AND 5 MINUTES AFTER BIRTH
SCORE 0-2 IN EACH CATEGORY |
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Term
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Definition
Physical Maturity done w/in 2 hours after birth.
Neuromuscular maturity done w/in 24 hours |
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Term
|
Definition
Small mouth
Observed in Trisomy 18 and 21 (part of why the tongue seems so large in Down's - the mouth is too small. |
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Term
|
Definition
| "Fish Mouth", seen in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and in Mucopolysaccharidoses |
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Term
|
Definition
Large Tongue
Seen in hypothyroidism and mucopolysaccharidoses |
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Term
| Risk factors for vision problems |
|
Definition
Congenital Heart Disease (hyperoxygenation)
Structural Malformations |
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Term
|
Definition
Developmental Delay
Severe Retardation
Seizures
Aggression
Autism
Hyperactivity |
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Term
|
Definition
Liver Dysfunction
Coagulopathies
25% of undx infants develop sepsis |
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Term
|
Definition
Mental retardation
Neurologic abnormalities
Metabolic abnormalities |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cardiovascular & opthalmic complications |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Microcephaly,
sensorineural hearing loss
chorioretinitis |
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Term
|
Definition
hepatitis
hemolytic anemia
nephrosis
myocarditis
bony findings |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin, mouth, opthalmic, CNS, pulmonary manifestations |
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Term
|
Definition
Pulmonary disease
pancreatic insufficiency
cirrhosis
FTT |
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Term
|
Definition
Gross Motor - Cephalocaudal
Fine Motor - Proximal -> distal
Cognitive - Sensorimotor
Psychosocial Task - Trust |
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Term
| Well Child Check Schedule for Infants |
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Definition
2 weeks, 2,4,6,9 and 12 months.
* If d/c'd from hospital < 48 hours then first visit should be 3-5 days |
|
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Term
|
Definition
12 - 20
early = 12-14
middle = 15-17
late = 18-20 |
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|
Term
| Adolescent Psychosocial traits |
|
Definition
Sense of Identity
narcissism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pre adolescent - No secondary sex characteristics |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Male: Enlargement of scrotum and testes. Scrotum roughens and reddens.
Breast: Buds with Areolar Enlargement
Pubic hair: sparse, pale, and fine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Male: Penis Elongates
Breast: Breast enlargement WITHOUT SEPARATE NIPPLE CONTOUR.
Pubic Hair: Turns dark, increase amt., curlier |
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Term
|
Definition
Male: Penis increased breadth & glans; Rugae
Breast: Areola and Nipple project as secondary mound.
Pubic Hair: Adult in character, but less amt. |
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Term
|
Definition
Male: Adult shape and appearance
Breast: Adult: Areola recedes, Nipple retracts
Pubic Hair: Adult Pattern |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Tanner: Nocturnal emissions; Spermarche |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary influence on adolescents |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Bruised Knuckles, may be a sign of an eating disorder. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| In the neonate the best vision range |
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Definition
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Term
| Absent Blink Reflex at birth may indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended daily tummy time |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The adjusted age calculation should be used to assess development in premature babies until what age? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In the case of uncircumcised males, the foreskin is not easily retractable until what age? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Round Cheeks, No Dimples, No clicking sound |
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Term
| Which vaccine is most likely to cause mild fever and fussiness for 1-2 days? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Heard mostly over the lungs
Inspiratory longer and louder than expiratory |
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Term
|
Definition
heard over the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and the interscapular area.
The inspiratory and expiratory phases are roughly equal in length. |
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Term
|
Definition
May be normally heard over the manubrium.
Expiratory phase is greater than inspiratory. The expiratory pitch is high and intensity is loud. |
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Term
|
Definition
Mitral/tricuspid valves closing
Beginning of systole |
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Term
|
Definition
Aortic/pulmonic valves (semilunar) closing
Beginnnng of diastole |
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Term
|
Definition
"Kentucky"
Increased Fluid States |
|
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Term
|
Definition
"Tennessee"
Stiff Ventricular Wall |
|
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Term
| Where is the aortic heart tone best heard |
|
Definition
| Right Upper Sternal Border |
|
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Term
| Where is the Pulmonic heart tone best heard |
|
Definition
| Left Upper Sternal Border |
|
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Term
| Where is the Mitral heart tone best heard |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Tricuspid heart tone best heard |
|
Definition
| Left Lower Sternal Border |
|
|
Term
| Where is the best place to hear a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)? |
|
Definition
| Left Lower Sternal Border |
|
|
Term
| What sign would you expect with a VSD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Grade 2-4 murmur systolic ejection murmur (S1)
LUSB
ECG: RVH
XRAY: Cardiomegaly, Inc. Pulmonary vasculature markings |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular Septal Defect |
|
Definition
Grade 2-6 systolic ejection murmur
Thrill at LLSB
ECG: LVH (and maybe RVH)
Xray: Cardiomegaly, Inc. Pulmonary vasculature markings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common in Premies
Grade 2-6 holosystolic
Machinery sound
ECG: LVH to BVH
Cardiomegaly, Inc. Pulmonary vasculature markings |
|
|
Term
| Transposition of Great Vessels |
|
Definition
Grade 2-6 systolic ejection murmur
ECG: RVH
Egg on a string |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4 defects:
Large VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis, overriding aorta, RVH
Thrill and Ejection Click @ M-LUSB
Periorbital Edema
SLeep in knee/chest position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Systolic Thrill @ RUSB
Systolic ejection click. NO CHANGE WITH RESPIRATIONS
Grade 2-5/6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Systolic Murmur, loud at LUSB
Grade 2-5/6
Click less with inspir, more with expir
Thrill at LUSB radiates to back and sides |
|
|
Term
| Murmur of Coarctation of Aorta |
|
Definition
Grade 2-3/4 systolic ejection RADIATES to left interscapular area. May click at apex as well as RUSB if mitral involvement
ECG: RVH -> LVH
XRAY: Cardiomegaly, Pulmonary venous congestion, Rib Notching |
|
|
Term
| Coarctation of Aorta effect of B/P |
|
Definition
| Lower in Lower extremities |
|
|
Term
| DiGeorge Syndrome cardiac defects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trisomy 21/Down Syndrome cardiac defects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| Turner syndrome cardiac defects |
|
Definition
coarctation of the aorta
tricuspid valve defects |
|
|
Term
| What does Beck's triad signify |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lowered BP; narrowing pulse pressure
Distant/muffled heart tones
JVD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No FTT or cyanosis
Grade 1-3, systolic
varies w/ position (sit>standing)
NO RADIATION TO NECK OR BACK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common innocent murmur
heard b/w LLSB and apex
due to turbulence in left ventricle outflow
systolic ejection murmur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Post infectious inflammatory disease that can affec the heart, joints and cns.
Follows group "A" strep URI
Most common 6 to 15 yoa
Mitral valve most commonly affected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used to dx Rheumatic Fever
Must have: Recent Group A strep
Must have 2 majors or 1 major and 2 minors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carditis
Polyarthritis
Chorea
Erythema Marginatum
Sub cut nodules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arthralgia without inflammation
Fever > 102.2
Elevated ESR and CRP
Prolonged PRI on ECG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute febrile syndrome causing vasculitis
Most common in Children < 2yoa
most common in Asians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever > 5 days
bilateral conjunctival injection without exudate
rash
Inflamed lips/mouth
erythema or edema in extremities
cervical lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fever spikes
Bloody stools
Febrile seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3% - 5%
All VS normal.
Urine slightly decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
6%-9%
HR Increased
Turgor decreased
Fontanel slightly sunken
Urine <1ml/kg/hour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
> 10%
BP decreased
HR DECREASED
CRT > 3seconds
Turgor decreased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moderate 50 mL/Hr
Severe: 100 mL/Hr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Physiological: Infrequent episodic vomiting
Functional: Painless, effortless vomiting without other s/s
Pathological: Frequent vomiting with other s/s: FTT or Aspiration Pneumonia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 1 tablespoon rice per oz of formula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Obstruction from thickening of circular muscle of the pylorus.
Most common in white males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Presentation from 3wks to 4 months of age
Projectile non-bilious vomiting after eating.
Visible peristaltic waves
Pyloric "olive" after vomiting |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Narrowing of Pyloric Channel on X-Ray of pyloric stenosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common in males < 2yoa.
acute colicky pain
Bilious vomiting
Currant jelly stool
Sausage shaped mass in RUQ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain with right thigh extension
Means appendicitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain with internal rotation of right thigh
(bend the knee and hip, then twist the knee in and foot out) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral/fecal transmission
Shellfish
s/s 2-6 weeks after infection
No chronic carrier state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Present in all body fluids
transmission via blood, sex, or from mom
s/s 6 wks to 6 mo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blood transfusion or needle stick
IV drug use
s/s 4 - 12 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HBsAG, HBeAG, Anti HBc, IGM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HBsAG,AntiHBC, Anti HBE, IGM, IGG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flat discoloration, looks like collection of tiny pigment changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small elevated skin lesion <1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large elevated firm skin lesion >1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lesion raised above the surface and extending a bit below the epidermis. (think allergy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scaly elevated lesion (psoriasis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small lesion, fluid filled < 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large fluid filled lesion > 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small pus filled lesion < 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large Pus filled lesion >1 cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large raised lesion with fluid, blood, and pus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymorphic skin disorder with comedones, papules, pustules, and cysts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Black Head (if open). A plug of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle.
White Head (if closed). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flat discoloration, looks like collection of tiny pigment changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small elevated skin lesion <1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large elevated firm skin lesion >1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lesion raised above the surface and extending a bit below the epidermis. (think allergy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scaly elevated lesion (psoriasis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small lesion, fluid filled < 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large fluid filled lesion > 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small pus filled lesion < 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large Pus filled lesion >1 cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large raised lesion with fluid, blood, and pus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymorphic skin disorder with comedones, papules, pustules, and cysts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Black Head (if open). A plug of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle.
White Head (if closed). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flat discoloration, looks like collection of tiny pigment changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small elevated skin lesion <1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large elevated firm skin lesion >1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lesion raised above the surface and extending a bit below the epidermis. (think allergy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scaly elevated lesion (psoriasis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small lesion, fluid filled < 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large fluid filled lesion > 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small pus filled lesion < 1cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large Pus filled lesion >1 cm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large raised lesion with fluid, blood, and pus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymorphic skin disorder with comedones, papules, pustules, and cysts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Black Head (if open). A plug of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle.
White Head (if closed). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dry, red, NO BLISTER, epidermis only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moist, blisters, extends beyond epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dry leathery, black pearly, waxy, extends from epidermis to dermis to underlying tissues, fat, muscle, bone. |
|
|
Term
| Foods that make acne worse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
avoid topical oil-based products.
Use oil-free soaps, moisturizers, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
At night.
Because it is inactivated by UV and Oxidized by Benzoyl Peroxide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Doxy 100mg bid
EES 1 GM div 2 or 3 doses daily
Minocycline 50-100mg bid |
|
|
Term
| Microscopic (KOH) view of skin fungus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Griseofulvin 20mg/kg/day x 6 wks.
Topical miconazole or ketoconazole
selenium sulfide shampoo x 7 days |
|
|
Term
| Most common age for chickenpox (V. Zoster) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contagious stage of chickenpox |
|
Definition
| 48 hours before outbreak until lesions have crusted over. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Red Macules -> papules -> vesicles
vesicles erupt: starts on trunk, then scalp and face
Pruritis, low fever, lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| Common benign viral skin infection with lesions that spontaneously disappear in weeks to months. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s/s molluscum contagiosum |
|
Definition
pruritus,
small, firm, pink/flesch colored papules->umbilicated with cheesy core.
lesions on face, axillae, antecubital fossa, trunk, cruris, extremities. |
|
|
Term
| RX for molluscum contagiosum |
|
Definition
| Tretinoin or salicylic acid at HS |
|
|
Term
| Atopic Dermatitis (eczema) |
|
Definition
Chronic skin condition with itching along a typical pattern of dist. with periods of remission and exacerbation.
Worse in low humidity and winter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asthma, allergic rhinitis, elevated IgE, predisposition for skin infections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pruritus along face, neck, trunk, wrists, hands, a/c and popliteal folds.
Dry scaly skin.
RED, SHINY, THICKENED PATCHES.
SCABBED LESIONS
DRY, LEATHERY, OR LICHENIFIED SKIN. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skin Moisturizers, topical steroids, systemic steroids if severe, Oatmeal baths if weeping. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common type of diaper rash.
Peaks at 9-12 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fiery red rash
papules, vesicles, crusts, ulcerations |
|
|
Term
| treatment for diaper rash |
|
Definition
barrier creams.
topical 1% hydrocortisone if papules, vesicles, crusts, ulcerations are present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common benign hypoproliferative inflammatory skin disorder.
epidermal turnover time is reduced. Faulty keratinization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red plaques with silvery scales on scalp, elbows, knees, palms, soles, and nails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| droplets of blood when psoriasis scales are removed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tar/salicylic acid shampoo
topical steroids
UVB light and coal tar if >30% BSA involved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mild, acute inflammatory skin disorder lasting 3-8 weeks.
More common in females.
Sometimes after recent URI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Herald Patch" macular oval fawncolored lesion with crinkeled aappearance and collarette scale.
pruritic rash in CHRISTMAS TREE pattern on trunk and proximal extremities. |
|
|
Term
| Pityriasis Rosea can be confused with syphilis. perform Syphilis Test (VDRL) if |
|
Definition
Rash does not itch
palmar and plantar surfaces are involved
mucous membranes are involved
a few typically perfect lesions are NOT present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually none needed. Vistaril oral antihystamines topical steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bacterial skin infection with staph or strep.
Usu on face
Usu in summer months
Highly contagious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HONEY CRUSTING LESIONS
regional lymphadenopathy
fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mild: topical abx (bactroban)
Oral rx: dicloxacillin, EES, Clinda |
|
|
Term
| School excuse for impetigo |
|
Definition
| NO SCHOOL UNTIL 48 HOURS OF TREATMENT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Linear curved burrows
Incubation 4-6 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Permethrin q week x 2 or
Lindane x 1 (contraindicated if < 6 MOA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spirochete
Most common vector borne ds in U.S.
Most cases in Northeast, Upper midwest, and Pacific Coast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do ticks have to stay on to transmit Lyme Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 Stages:
1. ERYTHEMA MIGRANS, Flu like s/s
2. H/A, joint pain, cardiac s/s, BELL'S PALSY, neuropathy
3. Joint pain, encephalopathy, bluish red discolooration of distal extremity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Seen in Lyme Disease
Flat or slightly raised red lesion that expands over several days but has central clearing. usually seen in areas of tight clothing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ELISA and Western Blot
ELEVATED ESR.
Exposure to tick habitat in last 30 days with Erythema Migrans or ONE LATE S/S AND LAB confirmation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Under 7yoa: Amoxicillin or cefuroxime.
Over 7: Doxy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rubeola
Rubella
Roseola (6th ds)
Erythema Infectiosum (5th ds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aka Red measles
Any Age
KOPLIK'S SPOTS, fever, runny nose, red eyes, rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, white, granular spots surrounded by red rings in mouth (inside cheek opposite #1 and #2 molars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"3 day measles"
Any age
Red, maculopapular rash.
Starts on face -> extremities and trunk
GONE IN 72 HOURS
TERATOGENICITY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
6th disease
Herpes 6 virus
6moa - 2 yoa
URI, Small pink flat to raised bumps on trunk -> extremities.
HIGH FEVER THAT SUDDENLY STOPS WHEN RASH STARTS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5th disease (Human Parvovirus)
SLAPPED CHEEKS
5-14 years
Lacy, reticular exanthema
Starts on Face, then arms, legs, trunk, & dorsum of hands/feet
NOT CONTAGIOUS AFTER FEVER BREAKS
*FATAL APLASTIC CRISIS* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hand/foot/mouth disease
Highly contagious.
<10 yoa
Resolves in < 1 week |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ulceration and inflammation of soft palate (herpangina), and papulovesicular rash on hands and feet.
fever, malaise, vomiting, drooling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abscess on upper or lower eyelid by staph. PAINFUL
Treat with WARM COMPRESSES and/or topical bacitracin or EES opth.
REFER IF NOT RESOLVED IN 48 HOURS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beady nodule on eyelid. Infection or retention cyst of the MEIBOMIAN GLAND.
unlike a stye it is usually PAINLESS. |
|
|
Term
| Difference between chalazion and stye |
|
Definition
Chalazion is Painless!
Stye HURTS! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Red conjunctiva
itching
blurred vision due to eyelid swelling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Purulent discharge
Gritty Sensation
Beefy Red
may start Unilateral
RX = EES opth, tetracycline 1%, or Polymyxin opth. |
|
|
Term
| Gonococcal Conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
EMERGENCY!
COPIOUS PURULENT DISCHARGE
RX = IV PCN G or ROCEPHIN 250MG IM |
|
|
Term
| Chlamydial Conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
RX = EES opth
Oral: tetracycline, ees, clarithromycin, zpak, doxy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased tearing, STRINGY DISCHARGE
Rx = Oral antihystamines.
*NO STEROIDS DUE TO INCREASED IOP AND ACTIVATION OF HSV* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
WATERY DISCHARGE
rx = saline drops, decongestants, antihistamines, mast cell stabs, nsaids, sulfacetamide opth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Opacity of the eye.
Seen with T21, DM, Marfan, and atopic dermatitis
Rx = Refer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ocular misalignment r/t uncoordinated ocular muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eyes deviate inward
Refer if present at > 6 MOA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eyes deviate outward
Refer if present at > 6 MOA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eyes deviate upward
Refer immediately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eyes deviate downward
Refer immediately |
|
|
Term
| Eye differential diagnoses |
|
Definition
Chalazion - NON PAINFUL, ITCHY
Stye - PAINFUL
Blepharitis - Eyelash
Dacryocystitis - Lacrimal Duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Swimmer's Ear
Bacterial, Viral, or Fungal
Odor = Fungal
TM normal (lateral surface may be red) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S. pneumonia or H. influenza
Watchfull Waiting for 48-72 hours
Rx = Amoxyl bid x 10 days
No second hand smoke |
|
|
Term
| Serous Otitis Media / OME |
|
Definition
Presence of fluid behind TM WITHOUT S/S AOM
due to blocked eustachian tubes
s/s = bubbles behind TM, decreased mobility,
Weber & Rinne = conductive hearing loss
RX = Watch & recheck in 3 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conductive (cerumen, foreign body, OM)
VERSUS
Sensorineural (Acoustic Neuroma, Syphilis, CNS DS, Med Tox) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
On TOP of head
Normal: equal in both ears
Conductive: Sound in affected Ear
Sensorineural: Sound in good ear only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
on Mastoid and beside ear.
Normal 2:1 times (air longer than bone)
Conductive: Abnormal in affected ear (bone longer than air)
Sensorineural: Normal in affected ear. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior inferior aspect of the nasal septum (end of the bony ridge). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bleeding usu from one nostril
Nausea due to PND
Rx= pressure to Kiesselbach's triangle x 10 minutes. Ice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anterior Lymphadenopathy/ higher fever = Bacterial
Posterior Lymphadenopathy/ Rhinorrhea = Viral
FLEA = Strep |
|
|
Term
| FLEA Criteria for Strep Throat |
|
Definition
Fever > 98
Lack of cough
Exudate tonsils
Anterior lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PCN VK 250mg tid x 10 days
EES 250mg qid x 10 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Strep, pneumococcus, or H. infl.
Usu between 6 and 10 yoa
s/s = sudden high fever, DROOLING, Hyperextension of neck.
RX= IV ABX 3rd gen cephalosporin until c&s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thumb shaped patch on xray of neck = EPIGLOTTITIS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parainfluenza viral infection of larynx.
3 MOA - 6 YOA
Usu. males
Mostly in fall & winter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steeple shape narrowing of airway on frontal xray of neck seen in CROUP |
|
|
Term
| Epiglottitis vs croup pathogen |
|
Definition
Epiglottitis: Bacterial
Croup: Viral |
|
|
Term
| Epiglottitis vs croup Fever, drool, cough |
|
Definition
Epiglottitis: High, Drool
Croup: Low, Cough |
|
|
Term
| Epiglottitis vs croup Age |
|
Definition
Epiglottitis: > 6 YOA
Croup: < 6 YOA |
|
|
Term
| Epiglottitis vs croup Xray |
|
Definition
Epiglottitis: Thumb
Croup: Steeple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Epstein-Barr virus
> 10 YOA
transmitted by SALIVA
Incubation 1-2 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fever, pharyngitis, fatigue
POSTERIOR lymphadenopaty
Spleno/hepatomegaly
Maculopapular or petechial rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supportive
NSAIDS
Steroids prn for threatened airway obstruction (tonsil)
NO CONTACT SPORTS FOR 3 WKS TO SEVERAL MONTHS). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pus in sinuses.
age > 9 yoa
usu ltd to maxillary and ethmoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H/A worse when lean forward,
discolored nasal discharge, HALITOSIS
PND and cough, worse at night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amoxyl or ees x 14 days
humidifier at night
no decongestants for acute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most sensitive way to evaluate lung function by clincian, esp. FEV1.
Peak/Flow is best way at home. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Bronchitis in Peds" - Lower Resp Tract.
< 3 YOA, Usually viral (esp. RSV)
URI x several days, Moderate fever
Palpable liver & spleen due to pushed down by hyperinflated lungs. |
|
|
Term
| Bronchovesicular breath sounds |
|
Definition
| sounds intermediate between bronchial and vesicular breath sounds; they can be abnormal, but are normal when heard between the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces anteriorly and posteriorly between scapulae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the gentle rustling sounds of normal breathing heard by auscultation over most of the lung fields; the inspiratory phase is usually longer than the expiratory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breath sounds heard over the tracheobronchial tree are called bronchial breathing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Synagis IM MONTHLY DURING RSV SEASON if
-< 2yoa with chronic lung ds treated in last 6 mo.
-premie baby in first year of life
-Early baby (32-35 wks) if day care, school aged sibs, abn airways, neuromuscular problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reactive Airway Disease. Increased responsiveness of trach and bronchi to stimuli. Narrowing of airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypertrophy of smooth muscle
Mucosal edema and hyperemia
Hypertrophy of mucus glands
Acute inflammation and plugging of airway by thick mucus.
Thickening/remodeling of basement membrane (late) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mold, smoke,
Aspirin
Yellow dye in food. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HYPERRESONANCE
Absent breath sounds
PULSUS PARADOXUS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inc. WBC with Inc. Eosinophils (allergens).
Peak flow< 60 |
|
|
Term
| Intermittent Asthma Classification |
|
Definition
s/s: ≤ 2 days/week
Night time awakenings:≤ 2/month
Rescue Inh. use:≤ 2 days/week
Interference w/ nml activity: None
Lung fcn: FEV1 >80% predicted and NML b/w episodes |
|
|
Term
| MILD Persistent Ashtma Classification |
|
Definition
s/s: > 2 days/week
Night time awakenings:3-4/month
Rescue Inh. use:> 2 days/week but not daily
Interference w/ nml activity: Minor Ltd.
Lung fcn: FEV1 > 80% predicted |
|
|
Term
| Moderate Persistent Asthma Classification |
|
Definition
s/s: Daily
Night time awakenings:> 1/week but not daily
Rescue Inh. use: daily
Interference w/ nml activity: Some Ltd.
Lung fcn: FEV1 60-80% predicted |
|
|
Term
| Severe Persistent Asthma Classification |
|
Definition
s/s: Throughout the day
Night time awakenings:nightly
Rescue Inh. use: several times daily
Interference w/ nml activity: Extremely Ltd.
Lung fcn: FEV1 < 60% predicted |
|
|
Term
| Monitoring intervals for Asthma |
|
Definition
Every 2-4 weeks until control achieved.
If uncontrolled, step up and see in 2 weeks.
If controlled for 3 months, consider step down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tibial tubercle stress injury
Pain, point tenderness, swelling
XRay to r/o fx |
|
|
Term
| Osgood Schlatter treatment |
|
Definition
Limit activity as tolerated, but no absolute restriction
knee brace |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the hip
Painful, Limp
Internal rotation of hip causes spasm
Analgesics & bedrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Necrosis of the femoral head
Mostly in white boys 4-9 yoa
Limp with KNEE PAIN THAT RADIATES TO HIP/GROIN
Observe or REFER IF >1/2 HEAD OR > 6YOA |
|
|
Term
| Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (scfe) |
|
Definition
Spontaneous dislocation
More in obese and black males (sedentary)
Limp with GROIN PAIN THAT RADIATES TO THIGH/KNEE)
REFER! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Knock Knee
Refer if not resolved by 7 yoa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refer if pain or if curve >25 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test for Developmental Dysplasia of Hip
Compare knee height with infant supine, knees & hips flexed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test for developmental hip dysplasia
Abduct hip, push down, then do the ortolani (pelvic thrust) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test for developmental hip dysplasia
Abduct hip and attempt to anteriorly dislocate, pushing from bottom. (looks like a pelvic thrust) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Child with MD has to "walk" his hands up his leg as rises from sitting. Suggests pelvic girdle weakness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neuromuscular ds r/t deficiency in Dystrophin for muscles.
starts at feet and goes up.
dx at 3-5 years
CK elevated, abnormal EKG
Symptomatic treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 grades:
I = stretching but no tearing. Can bear weight
II = Partial tearing, joint unstable
III= Complete tear, completely unstable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Xray if:
Pain near the malleoli AND
bone tenderness at the posterior edge of the distal 6 cm or tip of either malleolus OR
Pt unable to bear wt for 4 steps. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test for meningitis
flex hip at 90° and pain on extension of leg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test for meningitis
Involuntary flexion of legs when neck is flexed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No Aura
If in peds, onset < 10 yoa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
With Aura
If in peds onset > 10 yoa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Episodic abd pn with NV FOLLOWED BY or ACCOMPANIED by headache. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More common in younger children.
Period of confusion and disorientation followed by vomiting and deep sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nsaids,
Propanolol, elavil, topamax, imipramine, verapamil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NO LOC, but motor, sensory, or autonomic s/s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impaired consciousness: Staring >20 seconds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen ds) |
|
Definition
| Cafe-au-lait spots and nerve tumors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IDA, Thalassemia, Lead Poisoning, G6PD |
|
|
Term
| Iron Deficiency Anemia Causes in Infants |
|
Definition
Inadequate iron intake (low iron formula)
micro hemorrhage from gut due to early intake of whole milk |
|
|
Term
| s/s Iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
fatigue, palpitations, lethargy,
PICA
SPOON SHAPED NAILS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3-6 mg/kg/day until normal.
Recheck q 6wks until corrected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pale or bronze skin
tachycardia, tachypnea
hepatosplenomegaly
pallor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Low H&H
microcytic/hypochromic
INCREASED RETICULOCYTE COUNT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Macrocyctic Anemia causes |
|
Definition
| B12, folate deficiency, Pernicious anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TIBC is normal in Thalassemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cirrhosis & Cardiomyopathy so DON'T give to thalassemia patient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paresthesias, cotton wool spots, 3 P's, glucosurea, ketonuria, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rebound Hyperglycemia R/T too much insulin at bedtime leading to HYPO glycemia at 3 a.m. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Morning Hyperglycemia r/t not enough insulin at bedtime. |
|
|
Term
| Samoygi effect vs Dawn phenomenon |
|
Definition
| Check Bgl several times during the night. If it goes LOW then the pt has Samoygi effect and needs nighttime insulin reduced. If it gets higher and higher then they need MORE bedtime insulin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickening, discolored velvety skin that indicates DMII or at least insulin resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypothalmus sneds releasing hormone to ant pit. it looks at the stim that goes to thyroid. If thyroid is low, T4 is low and TSH will go up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism (Graves DS) |
|
Definition
Enlarged overactive thyroid
Hyperactive, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Propranolol, PTU, Tapazole |
|
Definition
| Meds for peds with hyperthyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most effective is hypnosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uncircumcised males & females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Urinary stasis, neurogenic bladder, e. coli, staph. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non descension of testicle from abdomen during last trimester. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary begins 6-12 months after menarchy.
Secondary is r/t something like PID.
Painful menses, abd pain first few days of cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mandatory reportable communicable diseases |
|
Definition
| Gonorrhea, Syphilis, HIV, TB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
asymptomatic or urethritis/ d/c
Treat with azithromycin or doxy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leads to infertility among females,
mucopurulent d/c, n/v,
Green d/c in males
Treat with Rocephin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary, painless lesion 2-6 wks
Secondary, VDRL Rash, flu, adenopathy
Tertiary leukoplakia
Latent Neuro stage
Treat with pcn, doxy, or ees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Milky d/c Fishy Smell "whiff test" Pruritis no CMT CLUE CELLS
Rx = flagyl and clinda |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Asymptomatic viral shedding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Burtonian Lines: Bluish discoloration of gingival border
Ataxia
Papilledema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bluish discoloration of gingival border. s/s of lead poisoning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pt stand feet together, eyes closed, arms at side.
Loss of balance |
|
|
Term
| Cranial nerves sensory/motor pneumonic |
|
Definition
| Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Bras Matter Most. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common type
VISE-LIKE QUALITY, Most intense at neck and back of head
No focal neuro s/s
OTC meds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Classic (aura) vs. Common (no aura)
Triggers: expected, also oral contraceptives, Nitrate foods,
UNILATERAL, lateralized, throbbing.
Focal neuro deficits: field defects, stars, sparks, zigzag |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elavil, depakote, inderal, tofranil catapres, neurontin, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Usually middle aged men.
May be r/t etoh
SEVERE UNILATERAL PERIORBITAL PN DAILY FOR WEEKS
IPSILATERAL NASAL CONGESTION, RHINORRHEA, EYE REDNESS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sumatriptan, O2, ergotamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S CVA <24 HOURS WITHOUT RESIDUAL DEFICIT
IPSILATERAL MONOCULAR BLINDNESS (Amaurosis fugax)
Vertebrobasial vs carotid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vertigo, ataxia, dizziness, vision deficits, wkness, confusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aphasia, dysarthria, ALOC, wkness, numbness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ASA, Plavix, Ticlid
Endarterectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 types:
Partial (focal, local) simple or complex
Generalized: absence (petit mal), Tonic-clonic (gran mal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No LOC, < 1 minute
Paresthesia, flashing lights, vocalizations, hallucinations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Simple partial followed by ALOC
may have aura, staring, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sudden arrest of motor activity with blank stare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
may have aura
lasts 2-5 min
incontinence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BZDs, dilantin, cerebyx, luminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tegretol, dilantin, luminal, depakene, klonopin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Insufficient dopamine
Onset 45-65 yoa
Tremor: slow, most noticable at rest,
Rigidity, Bradykinesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dopamines: Dopas, amantadine, mirapex, requip.
Anticholinergics: Benztropine (cogentin), Trihexyphenidyl
Selegine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reduction of the acetycholine receptor sites at neuromuscular jct.
Usu. Female in 30's
PTOSIS (ONE DROOPY EYELID)
Diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Labs for antibodies to acetylcholine receptors.
Neuro Referral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autoimmune: Usually white woman, 20-50 yoa. Body attacks the myelin sheath
wkness, numbness, tingling or unsteadiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neuro referral
Antispasmodics, interferon, immunosuppresives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abrupt onset facial paresis r/t maybe herpes virus
Pain around eye, unable to move forehead, (BUT CVA PTs CAN).
Usually occurs on Rt side of face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prednisone taper for 10 days, acyclovir, lubricating eye drops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nerve disorder that causes stabbing or electrical shock pain in parts of the face.
May be r/t MS or tumor pressure on trigeminal nerve (CN-V) |
|
|
Term
| Trigeminal neuralgia meds |
|
Definition
| Sz meds, Muscle relaxers, TCAs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H.pylori. More men. Duodenal 30-55 yoa, Gastric >55
GNAWING PN.
Duodenal better with food. Gastric worse with food. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H2 blockers, PPIs, Mucosal protective agents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mucosal protective agents |
|
Definition
| Bismuth, misoprostol, antacids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 abx + PPI or Bismuth MOC, AOC, MOA BMT or BMT + O
(metronidazol, omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Viral, bacterial, parasite, emotional stress
N/V/D, cramping. Hyperactive BS, fever, tachy, hypotension.
Supportive treatment for 72 hours.
Stool for O&P, WBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood borne - IV drug use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevated AST (>40), and ALT (>2000) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-HAV, IGM = Active
Anti-HAV, IGG= Recovered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Active - HBsAG, IGM
Chronic- HBsAG, IGM, IGG
Recovered- ANTI-HBsAG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute AND Chronic same labs.
ANTI-HCV, HCV RNA
PCR can tell difference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Usu. Women w/ low fiber
LLQ - bowel change, N/V, Low fever.
May have s/s perf.
XRAYS to look for free air
REFER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ultrasound is Gold Standard for dx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
R/T Hernia, adhesions, volvulus, tumor, impaction, Ileus
Cramping periumbilical pn that becomes constant.
The longer it takes to vomit, the lower the obstruction.
Same for distention.
HIGH PITCHED TINKLING SOUNDS. CANT FART |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Starts at Anus & moves up.
s/s = bloody diarrhea
dx with sigmoidoscopy
Mesalamine or hydrocortisone enemas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Risk: Family hx, High fat diet, polyps, Inflammatory bowel ds.
Colonoscopy, CEA test. < 2.5 in non-smokers, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vague colicky umbilical pn that shifts to RLQ.
Pn with only 1 or 2 N/V episodes
Psoas, Obturator, Rovsings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pn with Rt Thigh Extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pn with internal rotation of flexed right thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RLQ pn when pressure applied to LLQ |
|
|
Term
| How to distinguish bronchitis from pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Turn head and cough. If breath sounds don't clear, think pneumonia. |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal percussion tone of chest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When bronchitis needs abx |
|
Definition
| Symptoms persist for longer than 2 weeks after treatment with expectorants and albuterol has begun. |
|
|
Term
| How to distinguish bronchitis from pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Turn head and cough. If breath sounds don't clear, think pneumonia. |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal percussion tone of chest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When bronchitis needs abx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Finding in Asthma that is not seen in other COPDs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distant or diminished breath sounds posteriorly in the bases (below the scapulae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to check FEV1 at home? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SABA, ICS, LABA, Anticholinergic, Antileukotriene
(albut, cort, salmeterol, atrovnt, Singulair) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess secretion 3mo x 2 yrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal PERMANENT enlargement of alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever, chills
PURULENT SPUTUM, Lung consolidation, Increased Fremitus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cough, Headache, Sore Throat,
EXCESSIVE SWEATING, fever, soreness in chest, |
|
|
Term
| Things that cause night sweats |
|
Definition
| Menopause, AIDS, TB, Endocarditis,Lymphoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
<60 and healthy = Macrolide (mycins or doxy)
>60 or unhealthy = quinalones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Asymptomatic or
Fever, weight loss, NIGHT SWEATS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| INH/RIF, Pyrazinamide x 6mo AND ethambutol x 2mo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Test for visual acuity and red-green color perception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gen population 15mm
immigrants or health workers 10mm
Immunocomps and known contact 5mm |
|
|
Term
| Obstructive diseases are characterized by |
|
Definition
Reduced AIRFLOW rates
(FVC, FEV, PEFR) |
|
|
Term
| Restrictive diseases are characterized by |
|
Definition
Reduced VOLUMES
(TLC, FRC, RV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of pleural effusions |
|
Definition
Transudates (clear)
Exudates (phlegm) (cream colored b/c high LDH (protein))
Empyema (pus)
Hemorrhagic (blood) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diastolic >130
Goal: lower MAP by no more that 25% per hour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Back pain
Difference in arm b/p |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by spasm r/t Calcium
Rx: CCB's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Squeezing chest - 90% dx of angina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something sitting on chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
<130 for nml ppl
< 100 if >2 risk factors
<70 if DM or previous MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduce saturated fats (visible fat on meat)
reduce unsaturated fats (fried foods)
plant sterols (nuts, veggie oils) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nitrates
beta blockers
CCBs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MI in Lead V leads or V3 and V4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CKMB and Troponin I are 100% cardiac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pt w/ CAD, 68 YO, DM, Smoker with calf pain and numbness to toes. SHINY HAIRLESS SKIN WITH DEPENDENT RUBOR.
RX Trental or Pletal and Walking |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Venous insufficiency |
|
Definition
More common in females with aching relieved by elevation. night cramps. BROWN BLOTCHES, STASIS LEG ULCERS, DERMATITIS.
rx Bedrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Title I - Protects Insurance Coverage (COBRA)
Title II - Privacy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fine motor work - stacking blocks, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Life expectancy < 6 months
Comfort measures only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inpatient, SNF, Home health, hospice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MD services, O/P services, Lab, DME, some home health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must have A + B. Covers HMOs, PPOs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mobilize monitor and control resources while balancing quality and cost. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Social Development
Moral Standards
Super-Ego |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ego
Attachment to the opposite sex (oedipus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Identity vs. role confusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Autonomy vs. shame & doubt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ability to abstract
complex problem solving
reality based |
|
Definition
| Formal operational thought |
|
|
Term
| Formal operational thought |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Logical thought & operations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intuitive, preoperational thinking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Can focus on single aspect of situations.
No Cause & effect reasoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reflexes, OBJECT PERMANENCE, Trial & Error learning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Social Development
Moral Standards
Super-Ego |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Measles most common in 5-15 yoa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lacy, reticular exanthema
Starts on Face, then arms, legs, trunk, & dorsum of hands/feet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
URI, Small pink flat to raised bumps on trunk -> extremities.
HIGH FEVER THAT SUDDENLY STOPS WHEN RASH STARTS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Red, maculopapular rash.
Starts on face -> extremities and trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulls legs up when neck is flexed. Test for Meningitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test for meningitis
Flex hip 90 degrees. Pn on extension of leg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A child with muscular dystrophy "walks" their hands up their leg to support themselves as they are rising from sitting to standing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test for neonatal hip dysplasia.
Abduct the hip & push from back like pelvic thrust. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
test for neonatal hip dysplasia.
Abduct the hip & push from top of knees. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
test for neonatal hip dysplasia.
Compare knee hight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diagnostic of probable strep throat
Fever
Lack of Cough
Exudate
Anterior lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bridge of nose, at end of bony ridge. Where to hold pressure for nose bleed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Droplets of blood when psoriatic scales removed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rheumatic Fever.
Need 2 majors or 1 major and 2 minors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most common benign murmur
left Ventricular outflow problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pediatric CHF
low, narrow b/p
Distant heart sounds
JVD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The apex of the heart.
Best place to hear the mitral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bruised knuckles - s/s of eating ds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| salt & pepper eyes suggestive of down's syndrome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ipsilateral blindness that sometimes accompanies a TIA |
|
|
