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| How much weight should a neonate/infant gain per day for first two months |
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| 0.5-1 oz per day = 15- 30 g/day |
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| age that infants can sit independently |
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| what age to begin time out |
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| walks up and down stairs alternating feet |
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| moro and palmar grasp reflexes fading |
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| uses spoon with little spilling |
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| anticipatory guidence regarding temper tantrums |
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| anticipatory guidence regarding time out |
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| what age should the anterior fontanel close |
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| what age should the posterior fontanel close |
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| Screening for autism at what age |
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| how old and height to ride in front seat of car |
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in males-large testicles, large body habitus, learning and behavior differences, large forehead, ears, prominent jaw, tendency to avoid eye contact
in females-less common |
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Term
| klinefelter syndrome (xxy male) |
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Definition
| majority with developmental issues, language impairment, low testicular volume, hip and breast enlargement |
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Term
| tx for acne vulgaris with closed comedones |
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| tx for acne vulgaris with inflammatory lesions |
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| when to use accutane threrapy in acne vulgaris |
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Definition
| cystic lesions and pt who has tried many other regimens without improvement |
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| leading cause of death in adolescence |
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Definition
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| when to test for DMII in childhood |
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Definition
overweight- BMI > 85%, or >120% ideal body weight plus risk factors:
family history type IIDM
NA, AA, latino, asian american, pacific islander
s/s of insulin resistance
maternal history of GD |
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| Causes and tx of scarlet fever |
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Definition
s. pyogenes( group A strep)
tx same as pharyngitis (PCN or macrolide)
-sandpaper rash with exudative pharyngitis, fever, headache
-rash appears 2 days after symptoms and peels a couple of days later |
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HPV 6
-discrete rosy-pink macular rash lasting three days that follows 3-7 day course
-most often < 2 y
-supportive tx |
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mild symptoms: fever, sore throat, malaise, fever, posterio/cervical and post auricular
-greatest risk is effect of virus on unborn child
-tx supportive |
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cause: rubeola virus
-10 day measles
-usually acute presentation with fever, copious clear nasal discharge, photophobia
-Koplik spots-2 days prior to onset of rash
-incubation period 14-21d, transmission 1 week before rash to 2-3 weeks after |
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causes epstein barr virus
-fever, "shaggy" purple, white exudative pharyngitis, malaise, marked lymphadenopathy, hepatic/splenic tenderness
-incubation peroid 20-50d
-corticosteroids could help
-avoid contact sports for 1 month--splenic injury |
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| causes and s/s of hand foot and mouth |
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Definition
cause: coxsackie virus a16
-transmission via oral/fecal
-incubation period 2-6w
-supportive tx |
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| causes and s/s of Fifth's disease |
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Definition
cause: human paravirus B16
-3-4d mild flu like symptoms followed by slap cheek rash spreads to trunk and extremities
-droplet transmission
-leukopenia common
-risk of pregnancy loss due to hydrops fetalis |
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-usual in children 1-8y
-acute phase-high fever, exanthem on trunk, flexor regions, strawberry tongue, chapped liops, bilateral conjunctivitis, cervical lympthaden, edema and erythema of hands/feet- late finding
-tx iv immunoglobulin and PO AS
-complications- coronary artery dilitation and aneurysm |
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| greatest risk ages for iron def anemia in childhood |
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| lead level to begin chelation therapy |
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| anorexia, constipation, recurrent abd pain |
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| How many hours after birth should infants born to HIV unknown or + mothers receive antiviral |
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inability of muscles to relax
evident at 4-6m
slow speech, convergent strabismus, toe walking, flexed elbows, delayed walking until 18-24m |
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inability to control muscle movement
infant has difficulty feeding as a result of tongue thrust, increasing tone with rigidity over time;speech delay |
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factor VIII
x-linked
Prolonged PTT with normal PT and bleeding time
tx DDAVP or recombinant VIII |
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factor IX
x-linked
Prolonged PTT with normal PT and bleeding time
tx recomvinant IX |
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autosomal dominant
von villebrand and VIIIC deficiency
bleeding from mucous membranes, skin, surgical, menstural
prolonged PT and PTT
tx DDAVP or vWF concentrate |
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Term
| most common childhood cancer |
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Definition
ALL- most common between age 2 and 6
AML-2nd most common leukemia
hx of nonspecific joint pain, bleeding, repeated infections |
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x linked recessive trait
increased incidence in blacks, greeks, italians, arabs, asians
drugs that can cause a hemolytic anemia-ASA containing antipyruitics, sulfas, fava beans, antimalerials |
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starts 3 months
ends 15m-3y
suspend infant and support abd, infant should lift both head and legs |
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| starts at 6-8m and never fades; suspend infant prone and quickly lower toward table; infant should extend arms, hands, and fingers |
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| partial or focal seizures |
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Definition
any age
any part of body and consciousness not impaired
last 10-20s
can have sensory/autonomic symptoms |
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Definition
any age
consciousness impaired
clonic activity with/without automatisms
can also just have "staring spell" |
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Term
| Grand mal-tonic/clonic seizure |
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Definition
most common type
loss of consciousness followed by stiffening violent jerking
aura in some |
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