Term
| What test is determines IQ for ages 6-16? |
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Definition
| Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) |
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Term
| DSMIV criteria for mental retardation (MR) |
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Definition
-significantly subaverage intellectual functioning with aan IQ of 70 or below
-deficits in adaptive skills for age group
-onset before age 18-
-80% of cases are mild (IQ between 50-70) |
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Term
| What are some of the causes of MR? |
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Definition
1. Genetic
-Downs' syndrome, Fragile X syndrome
2. TORCH infections/prenatal toxins
-TOxo, other (syphillis, aids, alcohol/illicit drugs)
3. Perinatal (anoxia, prematurity, birth trauma)
4. Postnatal
-hypothyroidism, malnutrition, toxin exposure |
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Term
| What is a disorder that affects academic achievement or daily activities but cannot be explained by sensory deficits, poor teaching, or cultural factors and are often due to deficits in cognitive processing (abnormal attention, memory, visual perception, etc)? |
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Definition
Learning disorders.
-msy be reading d/o, mathematics d/o, d/o of written expression, or Learning d/o NOS
-may be due to genetics, abnl development, perinatal injury, neuro or medical conditions
-Tx: remedial education |
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Term
| A 9 y.o. boy's mother has been called to school because her son has been hitting other kids and stealing their pens. His mother reveals that he often pokes the cat they have at home with sharp objects and started a fire once when he was 6. |
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Definition
| Conduct disorder
-Criteria:
pattern of behavior that inbolbes the violation of rights of others or social norms with 3 of the follwoing during the past year:
1. Aggression toward people and animals
2. Destruction of property
3. Deceitfulness
4. Serious violations of rules
-Patients have 40% risk oif developing antisocial personality disorder in adulthood
-higher incidence of ADHD, learning d/o's, substance abuse, criminal behavior in adulthood
-tx: firm rules, psychotherapy, antipsychotics or lithium for aggression, SSRIs for impulsivity, irritability, and mood lability |
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Term
| A 9 y.o. boy's mother has been called to school because her son disobeys teachers and does not comply in any class activities. HIs behavior is appropriate toward his classmates. |
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Definition
| Oppositional defiant disorder
-At least 6 months of negativistic, hostile and defiant behavior with 4 of the following:
1. frequent loss of temper
2. arguments with adults
3. defying rules set by adults
4. deliberately annoying people
5. Easily annoyed
6. anger and resentment
7. spiteful
8. blaming others for mistakes or behaviors
-Prog: remits in 25% of kids, but may progress to conduct disorder
-Tx: individual psychotherapy focusing on behavior modification |
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Term
| About 2/3 of kids with ADHD also have ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A 9 y.o boy's mother has been called to school because her son has not been doing his homework. He says he did not know about the assignments. He interrupts other kids during class and "never sits still" according to his teacher. |
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Definition
| ADHD
-The are 3 subtypes: inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type.
-DSM IV criteria:
6 sxs of inattentiveness, hyperactivity or both that have persisted for at least 6 months; onset must have been before age 7
-behavior must be inconsistent with age and development
-20% of pts have sxs into adulthood
-Tx: stimulants (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, pemoline); TCAs, SSRIs; psychotherapy, parental counseling |
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Term
| First line treatment of ADHD |
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Definition
| Ritalin (methylphenidate) improves 75% of pts. |
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Term
| How can depression manifest in children that is different from adults? |
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Definition
| In kids may be primarily irritability instead of dysphoria. Otherwise, the criteria for depressive disorders is the same as for adults. |
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Term
| A 3 y.o. boy's parents think he is deaf. He shows no interest in them or anyone around him and only speaks when spoken to directly. He often lines toys up in straight lines. HIs hearing tests are normal. |
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Definition
| Autism
-Criteria:
need 6 sxs from the following categories:
1. Problems with social interaction (2)
-impairment in nonverbal behavior
-failure to develop peer relationships
-failure to seek sharing of interests with others
-lack of social/emotional reciprocity
2. Impairments in communication (1)
-lack of or delayed speech
-repetitive use of language
-lack of varied, spontaneous play
3. Repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior (1)
-inflexible rituals
-preoccupation with parts of objects |
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Term
| 70% of patients with autism are _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are early clues to future autism? |
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Definition
| Delayed developmental milestones (social smile, facial expressions) |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuroleptics to control mood, aggression; SSRIs to help control sterotyped and repetitive behaviors |
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Term
| Autism-like condition with impaired social interactions and restricted activities and behaviors but with intact language and nl cognitive development |
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Definition
| Asperger's Disorder
Tx: supportive as for autism, with social skills training and behavioral modification |
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Term
| In girls, normal prenatal and perinatal development followed by decreasing rate of head circumference at 5-48 mounths, loss of previously learned purposeful hand skills with development of sterotyped hand movements, early loss of social interaction followed by subsequent improvement, problems with gait or trunk movements, impaired language and psychomotor development, seizures, cyanotic spells |
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Definition
| Rett's disorder
-MECP2 gene mutation on X-chromosome
-Tx: supportive |
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Term
| Normal development in the first 2 years of life, then loss of previously acquired skills in at least 2 of the following areas (language, social skills, bowel or bladder control, play, motor skills), and 2 of the following (impaired social interaction, impaired use of language, restricted behaviors) |
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Definition
| Childhood disintergrative disorder
-Tx: unknown |
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Term
| A 13 y.o. boy has had uncontrollable blinking since he was 9. Lately he has noticed that he often involuntarily makes a barking noise that is very embarassing |
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Definition
| Tourette's Disorder
-Criteria:
Multiple motor and vocal tics (both must be present); Tics occur many times/day almost everyday for >1 year and there must be no tic-free interval >3 mos; onset must be prior to age 18; must have occupational or social functioning problems
-genetic basis well founded
Tx: Haldol or pimozide |
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Term
| What is the etiology of Tourette's? |
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Definition
-Genetic basis well founded
-Impaired regulation of DOPAMINE in the caudate |
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Term
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Definition
-Behavioral modification
-DDAVP (antidiuretic)
-TCAs (imipramine) |
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