Term
|
Definition
- Acute symptoms
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Myalgias
• GI symptoms
• Jaundice
- Chronic infections
• Liver cirrhosis
• Liver cancer
• Death
- Transmission
• Blood
• Sexual Intercourse
• Vertical transmission
- Increased new cases
in adolescents
- Routine vaccination
since 1991 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• All unvaccinated children and adolescents
should receive the series.
• All at-risk adults should also be vaccinated.
• Contraindications/precautions include:
- Hypersensitivity to yeast or vaccine components
- Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine
- Moderately or severely ill at time of vaccine
• Routine booster doses are not recommended
for any age group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Pathogen Corynebacterium diptheriae
• Acute respiratory/cutaneous infection
• Causes a thick, gray covering in throat
• May lead to respiratory distress, heart
failure, paralysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Clostridium tetani
• Affects nervous
system causing
muscle spasms and
rigidity throughout
body
• Fatal in 2 out 10
cases |
|
|
Term
Pertussis (whooping
cough) |
|
Definition
• Bordetella pertussis
• Respiratory infection
• Complications:
pneumonia, seizures,
brain damage
• Recent resurgence in
U.S. |
|
|
Term
DTaP Vaccine
• Contraindications |
|
Definition
• Moderate illness
• Previous severe
allergic reaction
• Older than 7 years
- Tdap (age 11–64)
- Td (routine booster) |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Mild: fever, local
reaction, soreness
• Moderate: seizure,
high fever, crying >3
hours
• Severe: anaphylaxis,
brain damage, longterm
seizure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H. Influenzae Type b (Hib) |
|
Definition
• Previously the most common cause of
bacterial meningitis in children 5 and
under
• Spread by direct human contact
• Also causes: pneumonia, throat swelling,
infection of blood, joint, bones, and
pericardium |
|
|
Term
Hib Vaccine
Contraindications |
|
Definition
• Previous lifethreatening
allergic
reaction
• Children less than 6
weeks old
• Moderate to severe
illness at time of
injection |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Local reaction
• Fever
• Rarely severe allergic
reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Viral illness transmitted by respiratory
secretions
• May cause paralysis
• History
- 1916 U.S. polio epidemic
- Vaccination began in 1955 |
|
|
Term
Polio Vaccine: Two Types
IPV (inactive) |
|
Definition
• Only choice in United
States
• Four doses: 2
months, 4 months, 6–
18 months, booster at
4–6 years
• Adults at high risk not
previously vaccinated
get 3 doses |
|
|
Term
Polio Vaccine: Two Types
OPV (live, oral) |
|
Definition
• No longer used in
United States
• Useful in ridding the
country of virus!
• Small risk of causing
polio infection (1 in
2.4 million) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Life-threatening
reaction to antibiotics
neomycin,
streptomycin,
polymyxin B
• Previous severe
reaction to vaccine
• Moderate illness at
time of vaccine |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Local reaction
• Low-grade fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria
• Airborne
• Leading cause of bacterial meningitis in
children under age 2
• Also common cause of otitis media
• Vaccine available since 2000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Moderate to severe
illness
• Previous allergic
reaction |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Local reaction
• Low-grade fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Fever, cough, rash,
conjunctivitis
- Koplick’s spot
• Ear infection,
pneumonia, seizure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Fever, headache,
swollen glands
• Usually self-limiting
• Parotitis, orchitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Rash, mild fever,
arthritis
• Congenital rubella
syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Live vaccine
• 2 doses
- 12–15 months age
- 4–6 years ago
• Must be at least 28 days between doses
• Consider 1 dose in individuals older than
12 years who do not have adequate
history of vaccine or of disease |
|
|
Term
MMR Vaccine
• Contraindications |
|
Definition
• Pregnancy
• Allergic reaction to
gelatin, neomycin, or
previous MMR
injection
• Moderate illness
• Immunodeficiency/
thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Common adverse
reactions
• Fever
• Transient rash
• Swelling of glands
• Arthralgias
• Serious reactions
• Seizures
• Thrombocytopenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Mild infection: rash, itching, fever
- “Dew drop on a rose petal”
• Serious infection: pneumonia, cellulitis,
brain damage
• Shingles
• Vaccination started in 1995 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Live vaccine
• 2 doses
• 12–15 months age
• 4–6 years of age |
|
|
Term
Varicella Vaccine
• Contraindications |
|
Definition
• Previous reaction to
vaccine or gelatin or
neomycin
• Pregnancy
• Moderate to severe
illness
• Immunodeficiency
• Systemic
glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
- Mild adverse
reactions
• Local reaction
• Fever
• Mild rash
- Moderate to severe
reactions
• Febrile seizure
• Pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Varicella Vaccine
Evidence of immunity |
|
Definition
• Documentation of 2 doses
• Laboratory immunity titers
• Birth prior to 1980
• Documentation of disease by health care
provider
• Documented diagnosis of herpes zoster |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Viral infection that affects liver
• Fecal-oral transmission
• Symptoms
- Flu-like illness
- Jaundice
- Stomach pain/diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• All children between 12–24 months
• Persons traveling to high-risk regions
• Men who have sex with men
• Chronic liver failure
• Clotting factor disorders
2 doses
• Start between 12–24 months of age
• Must be 6 months between doses
• Standard is 18-month and 24-month visit
• Travel prophylaxis—at least 1 month prior
to travel |
|
|
Term
Hepatitis A Vaccine
Contraindications |
|
Definition
• Previous allergic
reaction
• Moderate or severe
illness
• Pregnancy (no
studies for efficacy) |
|
|
Term
Has adverse effects:
• Local reaction
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neisseria meningitis
• Most common cause of bacterial
meningitis in ages 2–18 in the U.S.
• Classic triad:
• Fever, neck stiffness, altered mental status
(plus petechiae rash) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Meningococcal conjugate vaccine
(MCV4) (2005)
• Licensed for ages 2–55
• Preferred vaccine
• Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
(MPSV4) (1970s)
• Licensed for ages >2
• Only 1 dose of MCV4
• Recommended at the 11–12-year-old
physical
• Children between 2–10 should receive if at
high risk |
|
|
Term
Meningitis Vaccine
Contraindications |
|
Definition
• History of Guillain-Barre
• History of severe reaction
to previous dose
• Moderate to severe
illness at time of vaccine
• Pregnancy (risk vs.
benefit) |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Local reaction
• Fever
• Guillain-Barre
syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Human papilloma virus
• Most common sexually transmitted virus in
U.S.
• Over 40 types
• No cure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Inactive vaccine
• Protects against four major types of HPV
(Types 6, 11, 16, 18)
• Two that lead to cervical cancer (16 and 18)
• Two that cause 90% of genital warts (6 and
11)
• Still need Pap smear screening!
• Indicated for ages 9–26
• Dose schedule
• 1st dose: Now
• 2nd dose: 2 months after dose 1
• 3rd dose: 6 months after dose 1
• Goal: Vaccinate before sexual activity! |
|
|
Term
HPV Vaccine
• Contraindications |
|
Definition
• Life-threatening allergy
to yeast or previous
HPV injection
• Pregnancy
• Moderate to severe
illness |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Local reaction
• Low-grade fever
• Dizziness/fainting
• Serious reaction
• Guillain-Barre
• Anaphylaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Viral gastroenteritis in young children
• Diarrhea, vomiting, fever
• Vaccine approved in 2006 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Rotatech
• Approved in 2006
• Live, oral vaccine
• 3 doses
1. 2 months
2. 4 months
3. 6 months
• Rotarix
• Approved in 2008
• Live oral vaccine
• 2 doses
1. 2 months
2. 4 months
• ***Applicator contains
latex |
|
|
Term
Rotavirus Vaccine
Contraindications |
|
Definition
• Severe reaction to
previous dose
• Moderate to severe
illness
• Immunocompromised
• Latex allergy (for
Rotarix) |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Mild diarrhea
• Vomiting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Acute viral respiratory illness
- Increased risk for children with:
• Asthma or pulmonary disease
• Congenital heart defects
• Diabetes
• Renal disease
• Hematological disease
• Immunocompromised
- Handwashing and vaccination are the best
protection |
|
|
Term
| Influenza Vaccine—Two Types |
|
Definition
• IM injection
• Inactive vaccine
• Approved for all
individuals over 6
months of age
• Flu mist (Live
attenuated vaccine)
• Immunocompetent
individuals age 2–49
• Not during pregnancy
Children under age 9 receiving their first influenza
vaccination will require 2 doses administered 4 weeks
apart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Children 6 months–19 years
• Pregnant women
• Individuals age 50 and older
• Individuals with chronic medical conditions
• Living in nursing homes/long-term facilities
• Living with or caring for those with
high-risk complications from flu |
|
|
Term
Influenza Vaccine
Contraindications |
|
Definition
• Less than 6 months
• Severe allergy to
eggs
• Previous severe
reaction
• Moderate febrile
illness
• History of GuillainBarre
after flu shot |
|
|
Term
Has adverse reactions:
• Local reaction
• Low-grade fever
• Myalgias
• Mild respiratory
illness
• Guillain-Barre
syndrome (rare) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Cases have increased in the past 20 years
• Concern about possible link between autism and
thimerosal
-No scientific evidence
- Since 2001, with the exception of some influenza
vaccines, thimerosal is not used as a preservative in
routinely recommended childhood vaccines
• No scientific link between autism and MMR
vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• All serious adverse events following
immunizations should be reported to CDC
for investigation
• http://vaers.hhs.gov/ (online reporting
form)
- Anaphylaxis within 7 days
- Unusual event |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Pediarix: DTaP/IPV/HepB
• TwinRix: Hep. A and Hep. B
• ComVax: Hepatitis B/Hib
• Pentacel: DTaP, Hib, IPV
• Kinrix: DTaP/IPV |
|
|
