Term
| What is the bladder capacity at birth vs. adult? |
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Definition
Birth 20 - 50
Adult 700 ml |
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Term
| What is avg. urine output for infants/children/24 hrs.? |
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Definition
6mos.- 2 yrs 540-600mL
2-5 yrs. - 500-780mL
5-8 yrs. - 600-1200mL
8-14 yrs 1000-1500mL
>14 yrs. 1500mL
(weigh diaper for infants 1gm=1mL) |
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Term
| What is avg. urine output/hr.? |
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Definition
Infants 2mL/kg/hr
Children 0.5-1.0mL/kg/hr
Adolescents 40-80 mL/hr |
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Term
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Definition
Fistula between bladder and umbilicus
in utero,urachus fails to closes
males>females
Assessment:
Clear fluid draining from base of umbilical cord
pH of fluid is acidic;US
Tx./NI's:
Spontaneous healing or
Sx. repair(promp to prevent infection)
Meticulous skin care prior to Sx.
Meticulous |
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Term
| What is a Hypospadias? Epispadias? |
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Definition
Hypospadias:uretharal defect in which opening is on ventral surface of penis;often accompanied w/ Chordee
Epispadias: opening on dorsal surface of penis |
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Term
| What is the Tx./NI's for Hypospadias/Epispadias? |
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Definition
No circumcision
Sx. repair (bef. school age)
If uncorrected, psychological issues/fertility issues
Post repair, may have urinary drainage catheter
Pain relief w/ Tylenol or antispasmodic (Ditropan)
May have prophylactic antibiotics
Meticulous skin care |
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Term
| What is Ceryptorchidism? What is Tx. /NI's |
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Definition
Failure of 1 or both testes to descend into scrotum
Tx.
HCG may be given to stimulate descent
Orchipexy in toddler years (ice, analgesics, bedrest, mtr. for infection)
Education
*Undescended testes have greater risk for torsion trauma;inc. risk for CA;associated w/ low sperm count at sexual maturity |
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Term
| What is Exstrophy of the Bladder? |
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Definition
midline closure defect (~8 wks. gestation) in which bladder is open and exposed on abdomen;no anterior wall of bladder, no skin covering lower anterior abdomen
males>females(2:1) |
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Term
| What is Tx./NI's for Exstrophy of the Bladder? |
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Definition
Can be life threatenig (Sx. correction asap w/in 48-72 hrs. of life)
Cover bldder w/ sterile plastic dressing:skin care (A&D, karaya, maalox)
Post op may have Bryant's traction
Dressing changes as ordered
Watch for S/S of bladder obstruction/spasms
Medicate for pain as ordered
Mtr. I&O (initial urine may be bloody but should clear after a few hours)
Education(care, stress incontinence, Kegal exercises) |
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Term
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Definition
An inflammation of the glans of the penis
generally caused by poor hygiene
may accompany urethritis or dermatitis |
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Term
| What are S/S of Balanoposthitis? |
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Definition
Prepuce and glans become red and swollen,possible purulent discharge
Possible difficulty voiding due to swelling and crusting of the meatus
Acidic urine may erode the meatus/pain |
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Term
| What is the Tx./NI's for Balanoposthitis? |
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Definition
Warm, moist compresses or warm baths
Possible antibiotic ointment
If caused by phimosis(tight foreskin on an uncircumsized male)circuncision may be recommended when inflammation subsides
R/O STI if purulent drainage |
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Term
| What are the S/S of a UTI? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Acute Glomeruloephritis? What are the S/S? |
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Definition
An immune reaction to a Group A beta-hemolytic strep infection (ie. strep throat, impentego)
Abrupt onset,
Peak age of frequency 5-10 yrs.
S/S:
Grossly bloddy hematuria
3+ or 4+ proteinuria
mild edema
marked hypertension |
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Term
| What are the NI's for Acute Glomerulonephritis? |
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Definition
Limited activity
Antihypertensives as needed
symptomatic therapy if CHF occurs
Normal diet for age;no added salt if hypertensive
Prevention through Tx. of strep infections |
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Term
| What are S/S of Nephrotic Syndrome? |
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Definition
Insidious onset
Massive proteinuria
Massive Edema
Mild Htn.
Marked Hyperlipidemia
Peak age 2-3 yrs.
Chronic condition- may have relapses (generally less after puberty) |
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Term
| What is Tx/NI's for Nephrotic Syndrome? |
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Definition
Bed rest during edema stage
corticosteroid administration
Mutrition for age
High protein & low or no added salt
small fqt. meals may be desireable
No known prevention |
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Term
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Definition
An intrarenal tumor
Most frequently occurs bet. 3-5 yrs.
Unilateral or Bilateral
Encapsulated until relatively late
Metastisizes to lungs and liver quickly if capsule is ruptured
Prognosis based on stage
over 75% have 5 yr. survival rate |
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Term
| What are S/S for Wilm's tumor? |
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Definition
Usually asymptomatic
Abd mass found by parent to one side of midline
possible pain, hematuria
~25% have HTN r/t inc. renin production
DX. by US/IVP
CT, MRI to check for mets
****AVOID PALPATING ABDOMEN!!!!!
PLACE SIGN OVER BED !!!!******* |
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Term
| What are Tx./NI's for Wilm's tumor? |
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Definition
Surgery - nephrectomy
Possible radiation and chemo
Post-op mtr. functioning of remaining kidney (I&O, daily weight, urine SG, fluid status, IV's, BP)
Pain relief (from incision and shifting of abd. contents)
Assess bowel sounds, abd distention, BM's
Mtr. for infection
Education |
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