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Final Exam - Pediatric Cardiopulmonary
Pediatric Cardiopulmonary
48
Health Care
Graduate
04/28/2013

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Cards

Term
Foramen Ovale connects...
Definition
R atrium & L atrium
Term
Ductus Arteriosus connects...
Definition
pulm a & desc aorta
Term
% of blood flow bypassing lungs
Definition
88-90%
Term
Transition to neonatal circulation (progression)
Definition
placental separation >>
fluid leaves lungs >>
systemic pressure incr, pulmonary pressure decr >>
shunt closure
Term
Timeframe for anatomical closure: ductus arteriosus
Definition
2-3 wk
Term
Timeframe for anatomical closure: foramen ovale
Definition
2-3 mos
Term
characteristics of newborn respiration (5)
Definition
small, narrow airways
small, inefficient rib cage (1/3 size of thoracic cavity)
fatiguable diaphragm (rounded, up)
low lung compliance
inefficient gas exchange (SA 1/20th that of adult)
Term
Preterm infant considerations (3)
Definition
lung immaturity
abnormal surfactant
FO & DA remain open for longer
Term
Normal parameters for Neonates: RR
Definition
40-60 bpm
Term
Normal parameters for Neonates: HR
Definition
120-200 bpm
Term
Normal parameters for Neonates: BP
Definition
60/30 to 90/60
Term
10% of congenital ht defects associated c other dx...
Definition
Down Syndrome
Williams Syndrome
Marfan Syndrome
DiGeorge Syndrome
VACTERL association
Term
VACTERL assoc =
Definition
vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal, limb anomalies
Term
Typical clinical presentation of infant c heart anomaly (8)
Definition
labored breathing
incr RR
tachycardia
diaphroetic
incr urine output
feeding/eating probs (2º to labored breathing)
poor wt gain
irritability
Term
Acyanotic defects (4)
Definition
ASD
VSD
PDA
Coarctation of aorta
Term
ASD >>
Definition
>> enlarged R atrium >> heart failure
Term
age range for ASD repair
Definition
4-6 y/o
Term
most common congenital heart defect (20-30%) =
Definition
VSD
Term
Typical direction of blood shunting in ASD/VSD
Definition
L -> R
Term
PDA: DA remains open in response to...
Definition
hypoxia
Term
co-condition often present c coarctation of aorta
Definition
PDA
Term
severe coarctation of aorta >>
Definition
L ventricular failure
Term
Cyanotic defects (2)
Definition
Tetralogy of Fallot (50% of all)
Transposition of Great Vessels
Term
Tetralogy of Fallot: components
Definition
VSD
aorta overrides R ventricle
pulmonary valve stenosis
R ventricle hypertrophy
Term
Tetralogy of Fallot: clinical presentation
Definition
decr ht/wt
nail clubbing
cyanotic episodes (cyanosis, dyspnea, syncope)
Term
Transposition of Great Vessels - what must happen to sustain life
Definition
DA & FO must remain open to allow mixing of O2 blood
Term
age range for repair of cyanotic defects
Definition
2-4 wk old
Term
Indications for Heart Transplant (3)
Definition
end-stage heart failure (congenital)
CHF
CF
Term
Survival rates p heart transplant: infants
Definition
80% survive 5 yr
Term
Survival rates p heart transplant: teens
Definition
50% survive 15+ yr
Term
Survival rates p heart transplant: HTN
Definition
69% are hypertensive
Term
IRDS: cause
Definition
decr surfactant
Term
IRDS: prevalence
Definition
10% of preemies
50-60% of those born <29 weeks
Term
S/Sx of IRDS (6)
Definition
incr RR
chest retractions
nasal flaring
grunting
cyanosis
URIs later in life
Term
Meds/Rx for IRDS
Definition
surfactant
steroids (accelerate lung maturation)
supplemental O2
chest PT
Term
S/Sx of BPD (5)
Definition
rales
wheezing
cyanosis
hypoxemia
lower respiratory infection
Term
Meds/Rx for BPD
Definition
supplemental O2
bronchodilators, steroids, NSAIDs
Term
BPD: long-term outlook
Definition
R-sided heart failure
developmental delay
Term
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS): def'n
Definition
meconium below level of vocal cords
Term
MAS >>
Definition
airway obstruction >> atelectasis

pulmonary edema
Term
Meds/Rx for BPD (3)
Definition
surfactant
suctioning
supplemental O2
Term
Probs for pediatric cardiopulm pts (4)
Definition
breathing pattern
mucus transport
rib mobility
prolonged supine position
Term
Goals for pediatric cardiopulm pts (4)
Definition
mobilize secretions
incr aeration
incr mobility
reach developmental milestones
Term
Strategies for Rx of pediatric cardiopulm pts (6)
Definition
postural drainage
percussion (3 fingers)
vibration
assisted coughing (laugh/cry)
incentive spirometry (bubbles, singing)
rocking/counter-rotation
Term
Ideal positioning for pediatric cardiopulm pts
Definition
prone
Term
Contraindications p sx for pediatric cardiopulm pts (3)
Definition
Ø UE >90º (first 4-6 wks)
Ø lift child by axilla/thorax (first 4-6 wks)
Ø contact sports
Term
Influences on development of pediatric cardiopulm pt (5)
Definition
poor feeding/eating/growth >> developmental lag
decr prone positioning
transition mvmt (teach before sx)
mobility/locomotion
postural deformities
Term
Additional Considerations of pediatric cardiopulm pt
Definition
poor attachment
overprotection/excessive activity restriction
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