Term
| What are the 3 layers of the meninges? |
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Definition
Dura Mader
Arachnoid space
Pia Mader |
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Term
| What is the function of the pia mader? |
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Definition
| Thin membrane on the brain, holds capillaries and blood vessels |
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Term
| What is the function of the arachnoid space? |
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Definition
| Provides Cushion to the brain, villi reabsorbs CSF |
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Term
| What does the Dura mader contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the brain produces the CSF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two constriction points in the cerebral spinal fluid flow? |
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Definition
| Foramen of Monro & aquitis silvis |
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Term
| What are the 3 ways of getting hydrocephalus? |
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Definition
1. Too much CSF
2. Not reabsorbing
3. Problem with CSF flow |
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Term
| How much CSF is flowing in an Adult's brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much CSF is produce by an adult? |
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Definition
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Term
| What color is CSF normally? |
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Definition
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Term
| What color is the CSF if blood has been in it for 4-10 hours? |
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Definition
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Term
| What color is the CSF if blood has been in it for longer than 10 hours? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal amount of protein found in CSF |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal amount of cells found in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Blood in the CSF during a lumbar puncture. It is important to wait for the 3rd tube to look for blood |
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Term
| What is the normal amount glucose in CSF? |
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Definition
| 60-80 mg/dL (1/2-2/3 of serum glucose), it is only valid if you know what the serum glucose is (Avg 60-80 mg/dL). |
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Term
| How many white blood cells should be in the CSF? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the brain store glucose? |
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Definition
| No, that's why hypoglycemia can lead to seizures |
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Term
| How does the CSF flow in the brain? |
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Definition
| Choroid plexus -> Lateral Ventricles -> Foramen of Monro -> Third Ventricle -> aquitus of silvis -> 4th ventricle-> Foramen Magnum -> Spinal cord Down/UP -> Reabsorbed by arachnoid villi |
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Term
| What is the area of the brain that controls judgement, social behavior, higher intellect, and some motor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the area of the brain that controls hearing, speech, memory speech, personality? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the area of the brain that controls perception interpretation of touch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the area of the brain that controls vision & vision perception? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the area of the brain that controls balance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the cerebrum? |
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Definition
4 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere
Basal Ganglia
Corpus Callosum
Limbic system |
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Term
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Definition
Increased CSF
Increased blood flow
Swelling |
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Term
| What happens to the brain that ultimately kills them from ICP? |
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Definition
| The brain herniates thru the foramen magnum |
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Term
| What happens in the basil ganglia? |
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Definition
| Where sensations end up from the spinal cord: Touch, pressure, vibration, are then directed to other part of the brain |
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Term
| What is the limbic system? |
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Definition
| Areas deep in the temporal lobe that initiate hunger, aggression and sexual arousal |
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Term
| What is the is the role of the corpus callosum? |
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Definition
| it connects the two sides of the brain |
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Term
| What is the reticular formation? |
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Definition
| Neurons that go from brain stem to cerebral cortex, Helps screens sensory information and directs it to other parts of the brain, important for maintaining consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the line for quadiplegia |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different nerves? |
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Definition
Efferent-Motor
Afferent-Sensory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Optic nerve: Visual acuity & peripheral field
Look for red reflex with opthalmascope
Snellen's chart (pictures first) |
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Term
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Definition
Oculomotor
EOMs
Eyelids opening
Pupils constricting
Look for: Ptosis, Nystagmus (brain tumor) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Knowing if face is being touched
Chewing/ability to move jaw (bite tongue blade)
Corneal reflex (cotton on eyelid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Facial movement (smile, look for asymmetry)
Salivate
Ability to make tears |
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Term
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Definition
Hearing
Brain stem provoke potential |
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Term
| How do you test CN IX & X? |
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Definition
Swallowing & Gag reflex
Uvula should rise when swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
Spinal accessory nerve
Shrug of shoulders |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A baby's nervous system is immature; not all nerves are myelinated
Child should curl up, hands in C formation, & cry
ends by 6 months |
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Term
| What does a persistent moro reflex possibly mean? |
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Definition
| Cerebral palsy, developmental issues |
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Term
| What are the different levels of consciousness? |
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Definition
| Confusion, Delirium, Obtunded, Stupor, Coma |
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Term
| What is confused consciousness? |
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Definition
| Disoriented to time and place, unable to think clearly |
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Term
| What is delirious consciousness? |
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Definition
| Disoriented fearful, agitated, increased anxiety, combative, ideas do not connect |
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Term
| What is obtunded consciousness? |
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Definition
| Stimulated to arousal "hello, are you there" |
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Term
| What is stupor consciousness? |
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Definition
| Deep sleep, aroused only by vigorous stimulation, does not say much |
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Term
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Definition
| Unresponsive to painful stimulation, unconsciousness |
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Term
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Definition
ICP caused by:
Trauma and or injury to head- Bleeding
Hypoxia- blood vessels dilate
Infection - Brain swells
Poisoning- brain swells
Seizures- brain swells
Endocrine or metabolic disturbances - low blood sugar
Electrolyte or acid base imbalance- Na+
Congenital structural defect- brain issue |
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Term
| What is the most important indicator of neurological dysfunction? |
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Definition
| Altered level of consciousness |
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Term
| What is an assessment test that can be used for assessing a child's neurological development? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Responsiveness to environment or stimuli
2. Pupil size
3. Movement of extremities
4. Ability to maintain an airway
5. Changes in vital signs
6. Changes in breathing patterns (neuro pattern)
7. Status in cranial nerves |
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Term
| What is the sequential pattern of deterioration of LOC? |
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Definition
1. Awake & alert- responds appropriately
2. Slight disorientation to time, place, or person
3. Restless, fussy, irritable
4. Drowsy, but responds to loud commands, painful stimuli
5. Non purposeful response
6. Posturing
7. No response |
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Term
| What are different types of posturing? |
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Definition
| Decorticate posturing, Decerebrate posturing (worse) |
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Term
| What neuro scale measures eye opening, verbal response, motor response? |
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Definition
Glasgow Coma scale: eye 1-4, verbal 1-5, motor 1-6
(Lower number less response) |
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