Origin:  Ribs 3-5

Insertion:  Coracoid process of the scapula

Functions: Rotates scapula downward

Nerve: Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

Artery: branches of the thoracromial trunk; branches of the lateral thoracic artery

Tendons:

Origin:  medial part of the clavicle, sternum, and aponeurosis that covers the medial part of the 6th and 7th ribs

Insertion:  Outer lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Functions:  flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

Nerve: the lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7) and medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

Artery:

Tendon:

Origin: Ribs 1-8

Insertion: medial border of the scapula

Functions: protracts, depresses, and rotates the scapula upward, bringing the glenoid cavity upward

Nerve: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7 of brachial plexus)

Artery:  Lateral thoracic artery

Tendons:

Origin: back of the skull to T12

Insertion: 1) Lateral 1/3 of the superior surface of the clavicle,

2) superior surface of the acromion,

3) the length of the superior surface fo the spine of the scapula

Functions:

1.  superior fibers- elevate the scapula

2. middle fibers-  retract the scapula

3.  inferior fibers-  depress the scapula

4.  superior and inferior fibers- rotate scapula upward.

Nerve: Spinal accesory nerve (C6)  C3 and C4 spinal nerves

Artery:

Tendons:

Origin: T6 to the iliac crest

Insertion:  intertubercular groove of the humerus

Functions: adduction, medial rotation, extension of the arm, raises body toward arms when climbing.

Artery:

Nerve:  Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Tendon: a tendon anchors to to the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion- between the superior and medial angles of the scapula

Function-  elevale medial edge of the scapul to rotate it downward

Nerve-  dorsal scapular nerve (C5 of brachial plexus) and spinal nerve roots C3-C4

Artery: dorsal scapular artery, branch of thyrocervical trunk and subclavian artery

Tendon:

Origin: spinous processes of the C7 and T1

Insertion: medial angle of the scapula

Functions:  elevates medial endge of the scapula to rotate it downward and retracts the scapula

Artery:  dorsal scapular artery, branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the sublclavian artery

Nerve:  dorsal scapular nerve (C5 of the brachial plexus)

Tendon: 

Origin:  spinous processes T2-T5

Insertion:  between medial and inferior angle of the scapula

Function:  elevate the medial edge of the scapula to help downwardly rotate it and retract the scapula

Artery: dorsal scapular artery, branch of the thyrocervical trunk and subclavian artery

Nerve:  Dosal scapular nerve (C5 of brachial plexus)

Tendon: 

Origin: nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7 to T3

Insertion:  Superior borders of the 2nd to 4th ribs

Functions: elevates the ribs (proprioception)

Artery-

Nerves:  2nd to 5th intercostal nerves

Tendon:

Origin: spinous processes T11 to L2

Insertion: inferior borders of 8th to 12th ribs

Function: depresses ribs (proprioception)

Artery:

Nerves: anterior rami to T9 to T12 thoracic spinal nerves

Tendon:

Origin: clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula

Insertion:  lateral side of the humerus

Functions:

anterior- flexion of humerus and rotates arm medially

middle- abduction of humerus

posterior- extension of humerus and rotates arm laterally

Nerve:  axillary nerve (C5-C6)

Artery:  posterior circumflex humeral artery

Tendon:  a tendon aids in insertion

Origin: floor of the suprasinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion:  greater tuberosity of the humerus

Functions: weak abductor of the humerus, holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

Artery:  Suprascapular artery, a branch of thyrocervical trun of the subclavian artery

Nerve: suprascapular nerve (C4- C6)

Tendon:

Origin:  floor of the infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion:  posteriory on the greater tuberosity of the humerous

Function: laterally rotates humerus and holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

Artery: suprascapular artery, branch of thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

Nerve: suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

Tendon: 

includes the  tendons of insertion of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis muscles

reinforces the shoulder joint and hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

Origin:  the axillary border of the scapula

Insertion:  the greater tuberosity of the humerus

Function:  rotates the humerus laterally and holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

Nerve: branches of the axillary nerve

Artery: suprascapular artery

Tendon: 

Origin:  lateral, close to inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion:  medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Functions: adducts, medially rotates, and helps to extend the arm

Nerve: branches of the lower subscapular nerve (C6-C7)

Artery: branches of the thoracodorsal artery and circumflex scapular artery

Tendon:

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion:  lesser tuberosity of the humerus

Function:  medially rotates humerus and holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

Nerve: branches of the upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-C7)

Artery:  branches of the subscapular artery

Tendon:

Bordered by the teres minor superiorly, teres major inferiorly, the long head of the triceps medially, and the humerus laterally

Passageway for the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery. 

Bordered by the teres mnor superiorly, teres major inferiorly, and the long head of the triceps laterally.

Passageway for the circumflex scapular artery to get around the scapula