Term
what causes croup
what is the mx? |
|
Definition
parainfluenza virus
mx: oral dexamethasone
oral prednisolone
nebulised steroids |
|
|
Term
| features of whooping cough |
|
Definition
caused by Bordetella pertussis
paroxysmal cough followed by inspiratory whoop and vomiting
in infants: apnoea rather than whoop which is potentially dangerous
diagnosis: culture of organism on per nasal swab, marked lymphocytosis on blood film. |
|
|
Term
| dual infection with which 2 viruses results in severe bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
RSV and human metapneumovirus
infants born prematurely who developbronchopulmonary dysplasia or other underlying lung disease such as CF or congenital heart disease are at risk from severe bronchiolitis |
|
|
Term
palivizumab
what is it?
what condition is it used in?
how is it administered
whats its benefit |
|
Definition
monoclonal antibody against RSV
used in preterm high risk infants to reduce number of hospital admissions due to bronchiolitis
given IM monthly injections
benefit: reduces hospital admissions but is costly and needs monthly injections |
|
|
Term
| the majority of asthma exacerbations are triggered by which virus? |
|
Definition
| infection with rhinovirus |
|
|
Term
| briefly describe pathophysiology of asthma |
|
Definition
| genetic predisposition, atopy or environmental triggers cause bronchial inflammation followed by bronchial hyper responsiveness and airway narrowing which cause symptoms such as wheeze, cough, breathlessness and chest tightness |
|
|
Term
| in asthma management when would you add ipratropium bromide in addition to saba? |
|
Definition
| in life threatening asthma |
|
|
Term
| what peak flow readings correlate with different severity of asthma? |
|
Definition
>50% perf is moderate
<50% is severe
<33% life threatening |
|
|
Term
| what are the causes of recurrent cough? LEARN off by heart! |
|
Definition
recurrent resp infections
asthma
recuurent aspiration +/- GORD
cigarette smoking: active/passive
habit cough
TB
post specific reap infections e.g. pertussis, RSV, mycoplasma
suppurative lung disease e.g CF, ciliary dyskinesia or immune deficiciency
persistant endobronchial infection
inhale foreign body
airway anomalie: tracheo bronchomalacia or tracheo-oesophgeal fistula |
|
|
Term
| what is Kartegner syndrome characterised by? |
|
Definition
primary ciliary dyskinesia affecting respiratory tract, eustachian tube, fallopian tube and flagella of sperm. PLUS
situs invertus
PLUS
bronchiectasis |
|
|
Term
| which imaging modality is best used to ID bronchiectasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heel prick looks for raised immunoreactive tripsinogen (IRT)
those with raised IRT are screen for common CF gene mutations
infants with 2 mutations have a sweat test to confirm the diagnosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nasal polyps, sinusitis, rectal prolaspse
male infertility due to absence of vas deferens
allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis (ABPA)
DM often insulin dependent
cirrhosis and portal HTN
distal intestinal obstruction syndrome
pneumothorax or recurrent heamoptysis |
|
|
Term
| what is a pier robin sequence? |
|
Definition
small jaw and cleft palate,
it is an indication for tracheostomy |
|
|
