Term
| Breasts are composed of _______ tissue and ________ tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ tissue is arranged into 15-20 ______ per breast which radiate about the nipple. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each lobe of the breast is composed of 20-40 _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each lobule consists of milk-producing _____ cells which empty into lactiferous ducts. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ _______ drain milk from each _____ onto the surface of the nipple. |
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Definition
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Term
| The layer of ______ tissue is subcutaneous and provides ______ for the breast. |
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Definition
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Term
| The suspensory ligaments, called _______ ligaments extend from the connective tissue layer through the breast and attach to the underlying muscle fascia, providing further _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The subcutaneous and _________ ______ supplies the bulk of the breast. This varies with age, _________, lactation, and genetics. |
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Definition
| retromammary fat; pregnancy |
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Term
| The breast is divided into five segments, there are four _________ and a _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The four quadrants of the breast are: |
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Definition
Upper outer quadrant
Upper inner quadrant
Lower inner quadrant
Lower outer quadrant |
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Term
| The __________ __________ quadrant has the greatest amount of glandular tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| The nipple has sebaceous glands called _______ _______ around the areola, which keep the areola from becoming dry. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lymphatic network drains the breast ______ and _______ to underlying lymphatics. |
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Definition
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Term
| The superficial lymphatics drain ______ while the deep lymphatics drain the _______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior axillary lymph nodes are also called the ________ nodes. |
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Definition
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Term
| The midaxillary lymph nodes of the breast are also called the _______ nodes. |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior axillary lymph nodes are also referred to as the ________ nodes. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lateral axillary lymph nodes are also referred to as the ________ nodes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Breast development is also called ________. This is an early sign of puberty in adolescent girls and usually menarchy occurs within two years of this. |
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Definition
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Term
| Breast development can be used to judge ________ five stages of developing sexual maturity. |
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Definition
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Term
| In lactating women involution occurs within ________ ______ after termination of lactation and the glandular tissue shrinks down to where it used to be. |
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Definition
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Term
| In older adults, glandular tissue is replaced by ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In older adults, the breasts hang loosely which is a result of tissue changes and relaxation of the _______ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In older adults, the skin may take on a relatively ______, thin texture and the hair decreases in the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| While the patient is seated and arms are hanging loosely at the sides, inspect the breasts for: |
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Definition
| size, symmetry, contour, dimpling, retractions, skin color and texture, lesions, and supernumerary nipples |
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Term
| Retractions and dimpling of the breast is usually due to _______ _______ from a malignancy pulling the skin in. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peau d'orange is an irregular type of dimpling of the breast skin resembling an orange which is usually due to __________ __________ _________. |
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Definition
| inflammatory breast cancer |
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Term
| The presence of supernumerary nipples usually occurs along the _______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The presence of supernumerary nipples usually occurs along the _______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Make sure to inspect both nipples and areolae and check for: |
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Definition
| shape, size, color, symmetry, smoothness, inversion, eversion, or retraction |
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Term
| Nipple inversion may sometimes be abnormal or __________, but check with the patient to see if it is a new occurence or something they have had their whole life. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nipple ____________ is slight inversion of the nipple, not the whole thing. |
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Definition
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Term
| The 5D's that are important to consider when inspecting the nipple and areola are: |
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Definition
Discharge
Depression or Inversion
Discoloration
Dermatologic changes
Deviation (Symmetry) |
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Term
| Nipple _________ is a condition that could be due to eczema or irritation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Make sure when inspecting to _______ the breasts in varied positions. Some of these positions include: Seated and leaning _________ from the waist, hands pressed on the ______ with shoulder rolled forward, and armed extended over _______ or flexed behind neck. |
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Definition
| reinspect; forward; hips; head |
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Term
| When palpating, make sure to use the ______ of fingers. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the patient is seated, make sure to palpate the lymph nodes in the _________. These nodes should not be palpable. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the patient is in the ________ position, make sure to palpate all areas of the breast tissue, including the _______ _____ ________ for lumps or nodules. |
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Definition
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Term
| If a breast mass is felt when palpating the breast tissue, make sure to check for the _________, __________,consistency, and __________. Any palpable _______ node shoiuld be followed up on. |
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Definition
| characteristics; dimensions; mobility; axillary |
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Term
| The vertical strip, circular, and wedge methods are all used for __________ the breast. |
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Definition
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Term
| Make sure to document any masses found when palpating. What should you document regarding these masses? |
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Definition
| Location, size and shape, consistency, tenderness, mobility, borders, retraction. |
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Term
| Malignant masses are usually not ______. Also, _________ is considered good because pain is not generally characteristic of a malignant tumor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nipple retraction is seen as a flattening or pulling back of the nipple and areola and indicates an inward pulling by __________ or ________ tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| When palpating the nipples, make sure to depress into well behind the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| When palpating the nipples, make sure to note any ______ and whether it is spontaneous, unilateral, or coming from a single duct. |
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Definition
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Term
| If there is discharge out of just one duct in the nipple, this might be __________. Any time a patient complains of discharge, make sure to take this seriously. The discharge can be ________, clear, or ________. |
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Definition
| malignancy; purulent; bloody |
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Term
| When palpating males, you will expect to feel a ________ ________ of fatty tissue overlying muscle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Obese men may have a somewhat thicker fatty layer, giving the appearance of ________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A firm disk of _________ ________ can be felt in some men. |
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Definition
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Term
| Males rarely get ________ ________, so if they are complaining of discharge, make sure to follow up on this. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ _______ __________ has an important role in the detection in the detection of breast cancer. |
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Definition
| Breast Self-Examination (BSE) |
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Term
| The American Cancer Society recommends that the BSE is used by women beginning in their _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Breasts of many well newborns, male and female, are ________ for a relatively _____ time. This is a result of passively transferred maternal _______. |
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Definition
| enlarged; brief; estrogen |
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Term
| In infants, a small amount of clear or milky white fluid, commonly called ________ __________ is sometimes expressed from the breasts. |
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Definition
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Term
| The breast enlargement of infancts usually disappears within ______ , and rarely lasts beyond _____ of age. |
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Definition
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Term
| In adolescents, the right and left breasts may not __________ at the same rate. |
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Definition
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Term
| The breast tissue of adolescent females feels homogenous, _______, firm, and _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In adolescents make sure to tell them to start _______ early and give them reassurance and education on their breasts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Adolescents can sometimes get transient unilateral or bilateral _________ _______ in both males and females. These can be firm and sometimes _____ but will usually diappear within a year. |
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Definition
| subareolar masses; tender |
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Term
| ____________ can sometimes occur in adolescent males in which there is an unexpected enlargement that is readily noticeable. Usually this will be temporary and benign and resolve _________. |
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Definition
| Gynecomastia; spontaneously |
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Term
| Gynecomastia is more common on the ______ side than the _____ side and is not something to be concerned about. |
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Definition
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Term
| In lactating women, make sure to palpate the breasts for _________ and _________ milk ducts. Also, examine the nipples for _________ or blisters, ________, and cracking. |
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Definition
| engorgement; clogged; irritation; petechiae |
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Term
| Galactorrhea is ________ which is not associated with childbirth. This conditions is usually indicative of a _______ problem where it is not communicating with the hypothalamus correctly. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gynecomastia is breast ________ in males. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ ______ is a surface manifestation underlying ductal carcinoma. The patient will usually have _______ of the nipple, areola and surrounding skin. |
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Definition
| Paget disease; crustiness |
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Term
| Mastitis is an ___________ and infection of the breast tissue, it can be due to a clogged duct or a _______ infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrocystic changes are benign _______-_______ cyst formations caused by ductal enlargement. This breast lump condition usually occurs in reproductive age women and correlates with their _________ __________. This lump is soft, tender, and mobile. |
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Definition
| fluid-filled; menstrual cycle |
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Term
| Fibroadenoma is a _______ tumor composed or stromal and stromal elements that represent a _________ or proliferative process in a single terminal duct unit. This breast lump condition does not vary with the menstrual cycle. This is a discrete mass, round to oval in shape with a sort of rubbery feeling. |
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Definition
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Term
| A fat necrosis is a benign breast lump that occurs as an ___________ response to local injury, it is necrotic fat and cellular debris which becomes fibrotic, is painless, firm and irregularly shaped. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ carcinoma usually arises from the epithelial lining of ducts and is a malignant breast tumor. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ carcinoma originates in the glangular tissue of the lobules and is a form of a malignant breast tumor and usually is more centrally located. |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammatory breast cancer may first look like an ________ but make sure to follow up with this to make sure that it is not breast cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ papillomas and papillomatosis are benign tumors of the _________ducts which produces nipple discharge. This epithelial hyperplasia produces a wart-like tumor in a duct. |
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Definition
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Term
| Duct _______ is a benign condition of the subareolar ducts that products nipple discharge. |
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Definition
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Term
| In children, premature ________ is indicated when breast enlargement occurs before the onset of puberty. The cause of this is unknown but the breasts will continue to enlarge slowly throughout childhood until ________ ________ is reached during adolescence. |
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Definition
| thelarche; full development |
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Term
| Breast enlargement in children less than ____ years old should be followed up with. |
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Definition
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