Term
| 2/3 of patients with gonococcal septic arthritis present with what triad of symptoms? |
|
Definition
| tenosynovitis, fever, and dermatitis |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of patients with gonococcal septic arthritis have genitourinary symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What skin lesions are common in a patient with gonococcal septic arthritis? |
|
Definition
| papular lesions,necrotic pustule, and hemorrhagic vesicle |
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Term
| What percentage of patients with hyperuricemia develop gout? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the common resasons for overproduction of monosodium urate crystals? |
|
Definition
| increased cell turnover in malignancy, excessive purine consumption, accelerated ATP degradation in alcohol abuse, HGPRT deficiency |
|
|
Term
| How is alcohol abuse associated with under-excretion of urate? |
|
Definition
| Alcohol converted to lactic acid, which reduces the renal excretion of urate |
|
|
Term
| What uricosurics help treat chronic gout by enhancing excretion of urate? |
|
Definition
| probenicid and sulfinpyrazone |
|
|
Term
| A diet containing what vitamin has been linked to reductions in urate levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the appearance of the calcium pyrophosphate crystals? |
|
Definition
| weakly positive birefringent, rhomboid crystals |
|
|
Term
| In heat exhaustion, what is the state of the core temperature and sensorium? |
|
Definition
| less than 104 degrees F, sensorium is clear |
|
|
Term
| How is classic heat stroke different from an athelete having a heat stroke? |
|
Definition
| In classic heat stroke- hot, dry skin; for athletes, they may be sweating from it but it's not enough |
|
|
Term
| In order to deal with heat illness, how long do we need to acclimatize to the environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sport has the highest concussion rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the relative risk of an athlete with 3 concussions compared to 0 for getting another concussion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the mechanism of action of denosumab? How is it administered? |
|
Definition
| fully human monoclonal antibody to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand- RANKL (osteoclast differentiating factor)/ given subcutaneously every 6 months |
|
|
Term
| In what ways is prolia (denosumab) better than alendronate? |
|
Definition
| does not cause osteonecrsosis of jaw/ hypocalcemia/ or atrial fibrillation |
|
|
Term
| Patients taking what must be screened with DEXA? |
|
Definition
| depo-provera for more than 2 years, steroids |
|
|
Term
| What is the fracture risk for someone with osteopenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women older than what age should be automatically screened for fracture risk? |
|
Definition
| older than 65/ older than 60 if smoker and drinker/ 55 if had prior fracture |
|
|
Term
| How is bone remodeling different for men and women over time? |
|
Definition
| The bone becomes larger in men with more bone accretion occurring at the periphery so the radial distance is greater in the old than in the young/ in women, resorption occurs from the marrow side so radial distance is maintained |
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended amount of calcium and vitamin D for adults? |
|
Definition
| 1200-1500 mg of Ca, 1000 (now 600) IU of Vitamin D |
|
|
Term
| Carotid dissection may produce what syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two non-traditional uricosurics? |
|
Definition
| losartan and fenofibrate (for cholesterol) |
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