Term
| Differentiate sedation and hypnosis |
|
Definition
sedation to reduce anxiety
hypnosis is the induction of sleep |
|
|
Term
benzos (CIV)
Mech? ion channel? |
|
Definition
diazepam, alprazolam, midazolam, zolipem
GABAa agonists increases chloride channel activity |
|
|
Term
Match the benzos with effect (diazepam, zolpidem, alprazolam)
1-sedation
2-antianxiety
3-muscle relaxation |
|
Definition
1-zolpidem
2-alprazolam
3-diazepam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paradoxical stimulatory
anterograde amnesia
psychological dependence |
|
|
Term
| What are the main sedative hypnotics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main skeletal muscle relaxants? the three other cns agents? |
|
Definition
GABA agonists
central alpha 2 agonist
calium blockers
carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine, chlorzoxazone |
|
|
Term
| What are the two gaba agonists for skeleltal muscle relaxation? |
|
Definition
benzons (GABAa) ex diazepam
baclofen GABAb |
|
|
Term
| What is the central alpha 2 agonist for skeletal muscle relaxation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the calcium blocker for skeletal muscle relaxation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is spasticity of skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
an increase in tonic stretch reflexes and flexor muscle spasms
leads to muscle weakness and pain
associated with diseases such as cerebral palsy, MS, stroke, and spinal injury |
|
|
Term
| What are the two general mechanisms for attacking spasticity? |
|
Definition
decrease nerve fiber activity
increase activity of inhibitory neurons(GABA) |
|
|
Term
| What is the bio-amine hypothesis of depression? |
|
Definition
| based on reserpine which depletes stores of NT and causes clinical depression |
|
|
Term
| What are the main NT associated with depression |
|
Definition
NE and 5-HT
Dopamine too kinda |
|
|
Term
| What are the four general types of antidepressants? |
|
Definition
| tricyclic, ssris, snris, lithium |
|
|
Term
what are the tricyclic antidepressants?
moa? |
|
Definition
amitripyline and trazodone
non-selectively inhibit the reuptake of amine neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
| what are the four adr of tricyclics and what receptor is associated with each? |
|
Definition
drowsiness-h1 block
cns stimulation- NE reuptake inhibit
impaired ejaculation- alpha1 block
dry mouth, blurred vision- ACh block |
|
|
Term
| What is the special precaution with tricyclic antidepressents? |
|
Definition
suicide risk in first month
maybe cause pathways are being rewired? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline
inhibit reuptake of 5ht |
|
|
Term
| Do ssris have a greater or less amount of adrs compared to tricyclics? special adr? risk? |
|
Definition
less but can cause libido in females
suicide risk also though |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bupropion and venlafaxine
inhibit reuptake of NE and 5ht |
|
|
Term
| What kind of patients would be good to give snris to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is lithium used for? moa? |
|
Definition
doc for manic phase of bipolar
takes place of other cations and slow neurotransmission |
|
|
Term
| What are the adrs of lithium? |
|
Definition
metallic taste
lethargy
cognition problems
muscle spasms |
|
|
Term
| Where is lithium eliminated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three general moa's of antiepileptics? |
|
Definition
Na blocker
Ca blocker
Cl enhancer via gaba |
|
|
Term
| Two general adr's of antiepileptics? |
|
Definition
| cognition and hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Two general interactions of antiepileptics? |
|
Definition
PP binding drugs (these kick them off)
induces p450 |
|
|
Term
| What is phytoin? how is it metabolized? |
|
Definition
antiepileptic
Na channel blocker
lots of ADRs
michael-menten metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antiepileptic
Na channel blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antiepileptic
Ca channel blocker
DOC for absence seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antiepileptic
affects gaba
also a pain modulator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antiepileptic
blocks Na and glutamate
used in bipolar manic phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antiepileptic
broadest spectrum but SEVERE gi effects
used for pain and bipolar |
|
|
Term
| What is the mesolimbic dopamine pathway? |
|
Definition
reward pathway
Emotions and behavior |
|
|
Term
| What is the mesocortical dopamine pathway? |
|
Definition
| cognition and processing of info |
|
|
Term
| What is the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway? |
|
Definition
extrapyramidal aka
regulates prolactin levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal tract |
|
|
Term
| What is the drug for parkinsons? |
|
Definition
| L-dopa but quickly broken down by dopa decarboxylase, comt, and mao |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dopa decarboxylase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| What is entacapone? (tolcarpone) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do you want carbidopa to take effect? |
|
Definition
| only in periphery cause we want breakdown in the cns |
|
|
Term
| What is the dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| increase in dopamine in cns mesolimbic system causes psychosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
release- psychosis like symptoms
inhibit- reverse some schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| What evidence is against the DA hypothesis of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| some agents that affect 5ht are very effective even though they dont affect DA very much |
|
|
Term
| What are the four drugs for schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
chlorpromazine
haloperidol
clozapine
risperdone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phenothiazine
non specific d2 receptor blockade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
d2 blocking activity
most potent |
|
|
Term
| What are clozapine and risperdone? |
|
Definition
5ht2 and d2 blockers
low adrs |
|
|
