Term
| What primary metabolic products can Acetyl CoA Cycle produce? |
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Definition
Malonyl CoA → Fatty Acids
Isoprene → Squalene → steroids |
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Term
| What secondary metabolic products can Malonyl CoA and Fatty Acids produce? |
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Definition
| Fats and waxes, tetracyclins, antraquinones |
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Term
| What secondary metabolic products can isoprenes produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What secondary metabolic products can squalene produce? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Triglycerides and related compounds
-Fixed oils
-fats
-compound lipids
-waxes
-mineral oils
-paraffin |
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Term
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Definition
Lipids related only by common source and solubility
-Polyketides
-Terpenoids/steroids
-Phenylpropanoids |
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Term
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Definition
| Single fatty acid esters and alcohols |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutral or acidic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in the non-polar solvents |
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Term
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Definition
Essential oils and essences
Composed of small aliphatic and aromatic molecules
Low boiling point |
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Term
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Definition
3 mixed fatty acid esters attached to glycerol
High boiling point |
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Term
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Definition
| A volatile oil/essence with potent odors and flavors |
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Term
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Definition
Solid, amorphous, complex lipid mixtures
For example, oleoresins and balsams |
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Term
| Give two examples of an oleoresin |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| A resin containing benzoic or cinnamic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Aqueous suspensions of lipids, very variable |
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Term
| Give some examples of fixed oils |
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Definition
-Castor
-Olive
-Peanut
-Soybean
-Sesame
-Cottonseed
-Corn
-Safflower, etc |
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Term
| What does it mean if a fatty acid is unsaturated? |
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Definition
| It contains one or more double bond (mono or polyunsaturated) |
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Term
| What are the building blocks of cholesterol and other steroids? |
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Definition
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Term
| List three types of steroidal drugs |
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Definition
1. Plant steroids/sterols
2. Steroid hormones
3. Semi/synthetic steroid drugs |
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Term
| List two plant steroids/sterols |
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Definition
| Cardiac steroids, Sitosterol |
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Term
| Give two examples of a semi/synthetic steroid drug |
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Definition
| Corticosteroids, anabolic steroids |
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Term
| Describe the basic structure of a steroid |
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Definition
| 3 six-carbon rings and 1 five-carbon ring |
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Term
| List four antibiotics derived from acetate metabolism |
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Definition
1. Tetracyclines
2. Antineoplastic anthracycline derivative
3. Macrolide antibiotic
4. Polyenes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Briefly describe how tetracyclines are biosynthesized |
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Definition
| From acetate through a linear C-19 polyketide |
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Term
| What characterizes a macrolide antibiotic? |
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Definition
| A macrolactone ring glycosidically linked to one or more sugars |
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Term
| List three macrolide antibiotics |
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Definition
1. Erythromycin
2. Oleandomycin
3. Vancymycin |
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Term
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Definition
C-20 lipid metabolites formed in the body from essential, unsaturated fatty acids (formed into arachidonic acid)
Very short half-life |
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Term
| What two non-animal organisms can produce prostaglandins? |
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Definition
1. Peanuts (only arachidonic acid)
2. Coral (can make prostaglandins) |
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Term
| From where are semi-synthetic prostaglandins derived? |
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Definition
Gorgonian coral
(semi-synthetic because real prostaglandins have very short half-lives) |
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Term
| Define activated isoprenoids |
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Definition
5 carbon structures made by activating mevalonic acid with ATP
Later can form terpenoids, including squalene |
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Term
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Definition
Volatile structures of multiple isoprenoids
ex. C5= hemiterpene
C10=monoterpene
C30=triterpene (including squalene)
Cn= rubber (many isoprenes)
Also in perfumes |
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Term
| What comprises the scent of a flower? |
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Definition
Complex mixtures of terpenes and non-terpenes
Molecular composition and sterochemistry are important |
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Term
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Definition
| Benzene structures (in addition to terpenes) important in volatile oils |
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Term
| List four phenylpropanoids |
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Definition
1. Lignin- polymer of woody plants
2. Methyl salicylate
3. Eugenol
4. Cinnamaldehyde |
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