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PD Picture Exam Causes
Nonvisual Picture Exam guide
40
Medical
Graduate
04/30/2013

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Term
Hydrocephalus
Definition
A condition that results from excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain or ventricular system.
Term
Corneal arcus
Definition
Opaque white ring about corneal periphery, seen in many individuals older than 60 years of age. This is due to deposit of lipids in the cornea or to hyaline degeneration. May indicate a lipid disorder, most commonly type II hyperlipidemia if present before 40 years of age.
Term
Cataracts
Definition
Opacity of the lens; most commonly resulting from denaturation of the lens proteins caused by aging
Term
Conjunctivitis
Definition
Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by infectious agents or by allergies; commonly called pink eye.
Term
Drusen
Definition
Tiny yellow or white deposits in the retina of the eye or on the optic nerve head.
Term
Ectropion
Definition
Eversion (outward rolling) of an edge or margin; as the edge of the eyelid.
Term
Entropion
Definition
Inversion (inward rolling) of an edge or margin; especially the margin of the lower eyelid.
Term
Exophthalmos
Definition
An increase in the volume of the orbital content, caused by a protrusion of the globes forward. It may be bilateral or unilateral. The most common cause of bilateral is Graves' disease (thyroid disease), but when unilatera protrusion is noted a retro-orbital tumor must be suspected.
Term
Hordeolum (sty)
Definition
A suppurative inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid.
Term
Pinguecula
Definition
A harmless yellowish triangular nodule in in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus.
Term
Pterygium
Definition
A triangular (patch like) thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly to the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side, and may cover a portion of the cornea.
Term
Ptosis
Definition
The drooping of one or both upper eyelids.
Term
Retinoblastoma
Definition
An embryonic malignant glioma arising from the retina usually during the first two years of life. Initial diagnostic finding is usually a yellowish or white light reflex seen at the pupil.
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
An increased convex curvature of the thoracic spine
Term
Pectus Carinatum
Definition
Forward protrusion of the sternum
Term
Pectus Excavatum
Definition
Depression of the sternum
Term
Gynecomastia
Definition
Abnormally large mammary glands in the males; sometimes may excrete milk.
Term
Mastitis
Definition
Inflammation of the breast
Term
Striae
Definition
Streaks or lines (with a silvery white or purple hue); skin striae result from weakening of the elastic tissue associated with pregnancy, weight gain, rapid growth periods, and high levels of corticosteroids
Term
Hydrocele
Definition
The accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, esp. in the tunica vaginalis testis; serous tumors of the testes or associated parts.
Term
Varicocele
Definition
Abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. Associated with reduced fertility, probably from increased venous pressure and elevated testicular temperature.
Term
Bulla
Definition
Vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter
Term
Chloasma
Definition
A facial discoloration common during pregnancy; also called the mask of pregnancy.
Term
Crust
Definition
Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored.
Term
Excoriation
Definition
Loss of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of vesicle or bulla.
Term
Folliculitis
Definition
Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis
Term
Furuncle
Definition
A deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit
Term
Keloid
Definition
Irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing.
Term
Lichenification
Definition
Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves the flexor surface of the extremity.
Term
Macule
Definition
A flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1 cm in diameter.
Term
Mongolian spots
Definition
Areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on the sacral aspect of a newborn.
Term
Nodule
Definition
Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter.
Term
Papule
Definition
An elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter.
Term
Patch
Definition
a flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter
Term
Telangiectasia
Definition
fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilations
Term
Vesicle
Definition
Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter.
Term
Wheal
Definition
Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diameter.
Term
Dupuytren's Contracture
Definition
contracture of the palmar fascia causing the ring and little fingers to bend into the palm so that they cannot be extended.
Term
Lordosis
Definition
Concave curvature of the thoracic spine
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
Lateral curvature of the spine. Depending on the etiology, there may be one curve, or primary and secondary compensatory curves; may be "fixed" as a result of muscle and/or bone deformity or "mobile" as a result of unequal muscle contraction.
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