Term
| Normal Glucose level in the brain \ |
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Definition
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Term
| Paracrine secretion by Astrocytes makes... |
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Definition
| tight junctions. Virtually impenetrable links between to cell membranes. |
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Term
| Two portions of the brain that are specialized w/o tight junctions to be incontact with the blood |
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Definition
1. Posterior Pituitary- releases neurosecretory hormones into the blood 2. Vomitting center in the medulla, toxic substance levels (in the blood) rise, signal throw-up |
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Definition
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Term
| Three tracts-long projections of white matter that connect different parts of the CNS |
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Definition
1. Ascending-mostly sensory from spine 2. Descending- mostly efferent from brain to spine 3.Propriospinal tracts-remain in spinal cord |
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Term
| Autonomic Neuron cell bodies located? |
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Definition
| lateral to the grey matter |
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Term
| Different portions of Spinal white matter |
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Definition
Dorsal=somatic sensory Ventral and Lateral= sensory information to and from the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Single Function can be carried out by more than one region of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| some functions of the brain can be taken over by other portions of original portion is damaged. |
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Term
| Three functional specializations of the brain (not neccessarily corelated with any anatomical lobe) |
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Definition
1.Sensory areas: direct peception, afferent 2. Motor areas: direcy movemnet, send/recieve effer. 3. Association areas: integrate info. voluntary behaviors. |
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Term
Location of sensory perception 1.Primary somatic sensory cortex 2. Visual Cortex 3. Auditory cortex 4. Olfactory cortex 5. Gustatory cortex |
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Definition
1. First part of parietal lobe, behind central sulcus 2. Occipital lobe 3. Temporal Lobe 4. small region of temporal lobe 5. Parietal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| Brains interpretation of sensory stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Each lobe developed special functions not shared by other lobes |
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Term
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Definition
Amygdala associated with limbic system |
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Term
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Definition
| hippocampus (nucleus is in the interior of the cerebrum) |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to remember newly acquired information |
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Term
Location of Wernickes Area damage causes |
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Definition
Temporal Lobe Receptive Aphasia=nonsensical speech, inability to understand sensory input |
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Term
Location of Broca's area Damage causes |
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Definition
Frontal lobe Expressive aphasia, inability to respond in normal syntax, inability to coordinate recieved input |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical aphasia, unable to physically shape sounds to make words or muscles to write |
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Term
| Simplest somatic sensory receptors |
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Definition
Somatosensory receptors have either naked nerve endings, or encased in some sort of connective tissue. |
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Term
| Midbrain processes what information |
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Definition
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Term
| Sound and taste are processed in... |
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Definition
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Term
| What infomation is not processed in the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| Olfactory, direct connection to cerebrum links odors with specific memories/emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| level of stimulus intensity required for perception |
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Term
| What determines the senstivity to a stimulus? |
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Definition
| size of the secondary receptive field |
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Term
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Definition
| resultant change in the receptors membrane potential |
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Term
| Stimulus intensity is coded by two things |
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Definition
1. Number of receptors activated 2. Frequency of AP's coming from receptors |
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Term
Two types of receptor stimulation |
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Definition
1. Tonic= fire constantly (ex. pressure baroreceptors)monitor things that need contin. eval. 2. Phasic-rapidly addapting receptors (ex. sense of smell) bump on a table analogy, respond best to change |
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Term
| four somatosensory modalities |
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Definition
1. Touch-pressure 2. Temperature 3. Proprioception 4. Nociception |
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Term
| Secondary neurons in the Spinal cord (cross body in spinal cord) |
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Definition
1. Temperature 2. Nociception |
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Term
| Secondary neurons in the Medulla (cross body in the medulla) |
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Definition
1. Touch-pressure 2. Proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
Respond best to high frequency vibrations, and deep pressure touch. -Found in subcutaneous layers of skin, and visceral organs -Concentric layers of connective tissue=large receptive field -Phasic Receptor, change in touch -transduced through tissue, opens mech. gated channels. |
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Term
| Two types of afferent pain signals and what they are carried by |
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Definition
1. Fast pain= sharp, local carried by small myelinated A-delta fibers 2. Slow pain= duller, diffuse small, unmyelinated C fibers |
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Term
| Receptors for pain, what type of nerve ending? |
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Definition
| naked, tissue injury releases chemicals that stimulate nociceptors, K+, histamine, prostoglandins, serotonin, substance P |
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Term
| Three targets of ascending Nociception |
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Definition
1. Limbic system-emotion 2. Hypothalamus- autonomic response 3. Sensory area of cortex, percieves pain |
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Term
| Gated Theory of Pain modulation |
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Definition
| A-fibers from nonirritant somatic receptors synapse on inhibitory neurons enhancing inhibitory activity (elbow rub) |
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Term
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Definition
| low oxygen from poor blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple primary sensory neurons converge on a single ascending tract (kidney pain expressed as lower back skin irritation) |
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