26. The "!" error can be fixed by reinstalling the device driver with the ____________________ button in the Device Manager's Driver tab. 

27. A diagnostic troubleshooting tool in Windows is provided by the ____________________. 

28. If the incorrect driver is installed, it can be rolled back on Windows XP using the ____________________. 

29. To determine whether a device is supported on Windows XP, you can check the ____________________ or the ____________________. 

30. A driver that has been certified by Microsoft is also known as a ___________ driver. 

31. Drivers that have NOT been certified by Microsoft are known as __________ drivers. 

32. The properties for the device can be checked to see whether a device is disabled after you view a ____________________ error. 

33. After installing a driver, your system is starting to behave erratically. To revert to the previous driver, you would use ____________________. 

34. After installing a new piece of hardware, it's not recognized by Device Manager. The tool used to install the hardware is ____________________. 

35. The mechanism that requests the CPU to stop its current function and respond to a particular device is called ____________________.

36. If a device wants to get the CPUs attention, it lights the interrupt wires with a special pattern of ones and zeroes. These ones and zeroes are known as a(n) ________________. 

37. After installing a new piece of hardware, it's not recognized by Device Manager, even after running the Add/Hardware Wizard. The problem is likely a(n) ________________. 

38. Preset combinations of I/O addresses and IRQs are in the form of ____________________ for serial devices such as a mouse or modem.

39. Parallel devices such as printers use ____________________ ports.

40. Two-way communication between the CPU and devices is enabled by ____________________. 

41. What sets the speed of the expansion bus? 

42. IBM established industry standards and created the clone market by enabling others to reproduce the ____________________ bus technology.

43. I/O addressing is the process of using the ____________________ bus to communicate with devices. 

44. The Intel 8088 CPU used a wire called ____________________ to notify devices of using the address bus to specify an address in memory.

45. The ____________________ in Windows 9x/2000/XP enables a user to view the I/O address used in the PC. 

46. The ____________________ manages the requests from devices for the CPU's attention. 

47. An extension of the address bus and data bus to the expansion slots and cards is provided by the ____________________. 

48. I/O addresses and IRQs enable devices to communicate with the ____________________. 

49. The process of accessing memory directly without using the CPU is known as ____________________. 

50. The system can run background applications without interfering with the CPU using ____________________.

51. Direct memory access is useful for transferring data from floppy and hard drives into ____________________.

52. To perform a DMA data transfer, a device must activate the assigned ____________________. 

53. Newer systems use a type of DMA called ____________________, which doesn't require a DMA controller.

54. Modern hard drives take advantage of a special type of DMA that is totally automatic and invisible. It's known as ____________________.

55. A specialized slot for video is known as ____________________.

56. You access the Driver Rollback function via ____________________.

57. The flexibility to coexist with other buses as well as scaled-up speed was provided by the ___________________________________ bus. 

58. Efficient data transfer is enabled by the ____________________ feature of the PCI bus. 

59. The CPU uses the ____________________ to access devices and data in RAM. 

60. System resources used by devices such as the keyboard can be viewed using the ____________________. 

61. The tool that would first be used to diagnose and troubleshoot a device that isn't working is the ____________________.

62. The range of I/O addresses is always implied by referring to the first address known as the ____________________. 

63. Four-digit hexadecimal values starting with 0000 can represent all the ____________________ addresses.

64. Common devices such as the hard-drive controller in the computer have preset ____________________. 

65. Commands notifying the hard drive to perform a certain function are answered by the ____________________. 

66. The numbering system that provides a shorthand method for describing a series of binary values is called the ____________________ system. 

67. The PCI version that allows multiple lanes to be used together for faster throughput with a possible bandwidth of 16 GBps is ____________________. 

68. Unlike many previous expansion bus types, ____________________ functions independently of other expansion buses.

69. Technicians should always ____________________ the PC before inserting an expansion card.