Term
| Which hormones does the Anterior Pituitary release? |
|
Definition
| ACTH, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, PRL |
|
|
Term
| Which hormones does the posterior pituitary release? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the median eminence important? |
|
Definition
| This is where axon terminals of hypothalamic neurons release neuropeptides involved in the control of anterior pituitary function |
|
|
Term
| The median eminence houses the _______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood from the median eminence goes from the capillaires into the ________ which then travels to the Ant.Pit to a second plexus of capillaries and then finally the ____________. |
|
Definition
Portal Vein
Hypophyseal Vein |
|
|
Term
| As blood travels to the Ant.Pit, Releasing Hormones are also released from the median eminence, these then bind to _____________ and _______________. |
|
Definition
GPCR on the surface of the Ant.Pit
and causes a cascade that leads to the release of the Ant.Pit. hormones |
|
|
Term
| Where does blood from the anterior and posterior pituitary drains into ? |
|
Definition
| Intercavernous Sinus and into the internal jugular veins to reach the systemic circulation |
|
|
Term
| Dopamine is said to be ________________ |
|
Definition
Release Inhibitory Factor.
Acts on the PRL hormone. |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Pituitary hormones and Hypothalamic releasing factors are ___________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the synthesis and process of OT and AVP. |
|
Definition
| OT and AVP are made in the ER of as pre-prohormones. In the Golgi they are packaged in secretory granules and are transported down the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract. During transport, the precursor hormones are processed, yielding the final hormone. Its released by exocytosis from the axon terminals in the posterior pituitary. |
|
|
Term
| What stimulates the release of OT? |
|
Definition
Childbirth (partrition)
Breastfeeding (lactation) |
|
|
Term
| When breast feeding what stimulates milk ejection? |
|
Definition
| OT acts on the myoepithelial cells that line the alveoli and ducts in the mammary gland and causes them to contract; thus releasing milk. |
|
|
Term
| The contractile activity of the uterus acts via ___________ during parturition to ___________oxytocin neurons, thus _____________the secretion of oxytocin |
|
Definition
positive feed back regulation
stimulate
increase |
|
|
Term
| Arginine Vasopressin or AVP is also called _______________________. |
|
Definition
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
|
|
Term
| What is the main effect of AVP/ADH? |
|
Definition
| You want a smaller volume of concentrated urine. You get this by increasing the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main site of ADH? |
|
Definition
| The distal collecting ducts of the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| When AVP released into the circulation? |
|
Definition
| When there is either an increase in plasma osmolality or a decrease in blood volume |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Very small changes in plasma osmolality (as little as 1% change) above the osmotic threshold of 280–284 mOsm/kg water will produce significant increases in AVP release. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when you are dehydrated? |
|
Definition
| Cells shrink due to water loss, this stimulates AVP, AVP then conserves water and also signals thirst to drink more. |
|
|
Term
| What % of blood volume lose stimulates AVP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if you have a decrease in your blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| If B.P decreases then B.R firing decreases this stimulus is transported to CNS via CN9 and 10 to decrease inhibition of AVP. Thus AVP is released. Reabsorb volume! |
|
|
Term
| T/F: A low level of ANT II leads to an increase in AVP. |
|
Definition
| False. You want a high level of ANT II. |
|
|
Term
| A decrease in blood volume sends there signal via ______________ while a decreased blood pressure sends there signal via ______________. |
|
Definition
Atrial B sensors
Carotid and aortic baroreceptors |
|
|
Term
| The target organ for AVP is _____________ and _____________ whereas OT is ________ and _____________. |
|
Definition
1. Kidney, blood vessels
2. Mammary glands, uterus |
|
|
Term
| What is a primary cause of hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
| Destruction of the gland or the lack of a precursor |
|
|
Term
| What is a secondary cause of hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
| The lack of the tropic hormone |
|
|
Term
| What is a tertiary cause of hyposecretion? |
|
Definition
| Lack of hypothalamic hormone |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat a hyposecretion disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With hypersecretion there is an ___________ in target gland, tropic hormone, and hypothalamic hormone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you treat a hypersecretion disorder? |
|
Definition
| Treat by destroying tropic-hormone secreting gland or by drug inhibition |
|
|
Term
| Hypo and Hyper Responsiveness are both examples of _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
