folliculitis: small size infection of follicle

Furuncles

Carbuncles.

• gram + cocci
• catalase +
• non-motile
• Staph grow well on blood agar. only staph. aureus is beta-hemolytic.
• staph. will not grow on MacConkey agar.
• faculitative anaerobe:media with 10% NaCl, and temp 18-40.

Staph. Aureus

• coagulase +
• catalase +
• penicillinase
• toxins: cytolytic, TSST (super antigen disease- T cell becomes hyperactivated), enterotoxin
• disease: scalded skin syndrome-young children, squamous layer of epithelium peels off.

• normal skin inhabitatn
• forms gamma hemolytic colonies
• catalase +
• coagulase -
• Nobobiocin sensitive
• slime layer-biofilms
• opporutnistic pathogen, causes surgical wound infection, catheter-related bacteremia.

• catalase +
• gamma hemolytic
• coagulase -
• novobiocin resistant
• associated with urinary tract infection

• pharyngitis
• toxic shock syndrome
• necrotizing fasciitis
• rheumatic fever
• acute glomerulonephritis
• meningitis

• gram + cocci
• cause bacteria pharyngitis.
• beta-hemolysis
• A-disc sensitive (sensitive to bacitracin)
• capsule-anti-phagocytic
• "M" protein: resists phagocytosis
• erythrogenic toxin: rash of scarlet fever
• produces streptolysin O-cause beta-hemolysis

• meningitis
• infection in men and non-pregnant women
• diagnosis is made by culturing organism from blood or CSF.

• pneumonia
• meningitis
• diplococci, appears in pair.

• motile, gm - bacillus
• form colorless colony on MacConkey-not sugar fermenter.
• Oxidase +
• associate with stricture of porin proteins
• associate with cystic fibrosis
• produce endotoxin.

• major cause of acnes
• gm + rod
• combines with sebum-->acne

• long gm + rods
• filamentous forms, can resemble fungy (hyphae)
• colonize upper respiratory tract
• associate with formation of sulfur granules

• gonococcus: gm - cocci
• pelvic inflammatory disease
• conjunctivitis
• Dx: culture, gram stain of exudate: may see kidney bean, normal flora.
• neisseria gonorrheae: capsule, endotixin, IgA protease, antigen variation

• treponema pallidum, a spirochete
• cannot be gram stain
• cannot be culture
• initial lesion= chancre: raised, indurated, necrotic but painless lesion.
• Dx: serology (RPR test, ELISA)
  

initial lesion is soft and painful as opposed to chancre in syphilis.

cause by Haemophilus ducrei, gm- rod, culture on chocolate agar.

rare in north america

• circular ds DNA

fungi family

not considered a true STD

consequence of antibitoic treatment\disrupt normal flora that control C. albicans

DX: look for yeast cells on microscope exam of a wet sample.pseudo hyphae

• motile, pear-hspaed protozoan
• life cycle includes only trophozoite stage and it has multiple, active flagella.
• DX: microscopic exam of wet mount prp and look for motile trichomonads and/or perform a "whiff test"
• "whiff test" KOH 10% mixed with sample--> fishy smell indicate trichomoniasis. amine released.

• increased numbers of gm variable rod
• characterized by malodorous vaginal discharge and "clue cell"- clinging on the outer surface of epithelial cel.