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ability of material to pull moisture in (aka dry powder+heat = wet) |
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substances (mostly salts) that have a strong affinity for moisture and will absorb large amounts of water from atmosphere, forming liquid solution
-used in industry to remove water produced by chemical reactions |
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the pH where the drug is equally ionized and unionized (50% ionized, 50% unionized) |
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if the drug is a weak acid, and the solution is more acidic, ionized or unionized? |
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if drug is weak acid and the pH of the solution is more basic, is it ionized or unionized? |
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if the drug is a weak base, and the pH is more acidic, is the drug ionized or unionized? |
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if the drug is a weak base and the pH of the solution is more basic, is it unionized or ionized? |
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if you want a weak acid-drug in solution, what kind do u choose? |
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if you want a weak base-drug in solution, which solution do u choose?a |
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if you have a weak acid (drug) at Cs and lower the pH of the solution, what happens? |
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Definition
solution becomes supersaturated, the drug ppts out until saturation is restored |
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example of a weakly acidic drug |
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example of weakly basic drug |
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solubility of zwitterions? |
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Definition
electronically neutral, so insoluble |
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fast rate of crystallization = which solid state? |
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what is the Nernst equation for crystalization? |
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which has higher potential energy (crystal or amporphous) and what effect does that have |
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what is the solid state of semilente? |
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what is the solid state of ultralente? |
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what is the solid state of lente? |
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30% amorphous and 70% crystal |
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what happens if you drive the solvent of crystallization out of an inclusion body? |
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there is no change in the polymophic form of the crystal bc the solven was never part of the structure of the crystal lattice |
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Term
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Definition
freeze drying; when you drop the pressure to freeze the water/drug; then drop the pressure via vacuum to evaporate water via sublimation so drug is a solid form (powder). drug started as liq: now a solid |
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If the Triple point is below atmospheric pressure, compound will: |
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Definition
melt from solid to liquid to gas |
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if triple point is above atmospheric pressure, compound will: |
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why lyophilize drugs? (2 reasons) |
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Definition
1 aqueous instability (hydrolysis) 2 heat labile |
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why can't you heat drug compound to lyophilize? |
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sensitive to heat-must drop pressure |
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how do you prevent eutection? |
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diluting a cosolvent system does what? |
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supersaturation>>>precipitates out |
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increasing temp of saturated solution does what? |
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decreasing temp of solution does what |
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act |
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Durham Humphrey Amendment |
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Kefauver-Harris Amendment |
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Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act |
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Definition
established modern system of generic drugs |
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hat year was antisubstitution legislation repealed? |
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bioequivalency codes in orange book are updated.... |
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adding an impurity to a pure substance will cause the substance to melt at a lower temp |
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example of functional claim: |
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will provide a peaceful sleep |
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which polymorph of insulin is the smallest |
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which insulin is largest? |
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