Term
| State the 3 principles of cell theory: |
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Definition
1. All life forms are made from one or more cells.
2. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells
3. The cell is the smallest form of life. |
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Term
| Major distinguishing characteristics of a Plant cell, provide an example |
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Definition
| Cell walls of cellulose, Photosynthesis cells with chloroplasts and chlorophyll. Example: xylem |
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Term
| Major distinguishing characteristics of a Animal cell, provide an example |
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Definition
No cell wall, Possess a nucleus, Hetrotrophic
Example: Neurone (nerve cell) Osteocycle (bone cell) Smooth muscle cell |
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Term
| Major distinguishing characteristics of a Protist cell, provide an example |
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Definition
Singular celled with a nucleus. Can be both Autotrophic and Heterotrophic
Example: Euglena, Paramecium |
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Term
| Major distinguishing characteristics of a Fungal cell, provide an example |
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Definition
Contains a cell wall, don't contain chlorophyll, Heterotrophic
Example: Pin mould, Yeast |
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Term
| Major distinguishing characteristics of a Moneran cell, provide an example |
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Definition
No nucleus, singular celled, no membrane present
Example: All types of bacteria |
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Term
| What is the function of the nucleus? |
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Definition
| Contains the chromosomes; the infomationin the chromosomes is used to control the development and functioning of the whole cell; without a nucleus most cells will die. |
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Term
| What is the function of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| Forms the boundary between the cytoplasm and the outside environment; contols the entry and exit of substances to and from the cell. |
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Term
| What is the cell walls function? |
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Definition
| A non- living cellulose structure outside the cell membrane. The cell wall provides support, prevents expansion of cells and allows water and dissolved substances to pass freely through it. |
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Term
| What is the function of the Cytoplasm? |
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Definition
| Is the fluid content of the cell. It is more than 90% water and contains ions, salts, enzymes, food molecules and organelles other than the nucleus. Most cell activities are carried out here. |
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Term
| Explain the function of the vacuoles? |
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Definition
| Membrane-bound structures found in most cells. The often store water and other substances; large and important in plant cells. |
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Term
| Explain the function of the Mitochondrion? |
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Definition
| An organelle composed of many folded layers of membrane to increase surface area. Michochondria are involved in the energy transfromatins that take plavce in cells. |
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Term
| Explain the function of the Golgi Body? |
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Definition
| A stack of flat membrane sacs where final synthesis and packaging of protein in membrane-bound vesicles occurs before secretion. |
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Term
| Explain the function of the Ribosomes? |
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Definition
| Tiny organelles that are the sites of production of proteins. |
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Term
| What is the function of Chloroplasts? |
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Definition
| Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll, and are the site of food manufacture (Photosynthesis) in plants. |
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Term
| What are heterotrophic cells? |
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Definition
| Cells that gain energy from dead remains or other living organisms. Examples: Animal cells, Fungal cells |
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Term
| What are autotrophic cells? |
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Definition
| Cells that create their own food through chemicals or energy from the sun. Example: Plant cells |
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Term
| What are eukaryote cells? |
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Definition
| Is a membrane bound organelle with a nucleus. Examples include: Plant, animal, protist and fungal cells. |
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Term
| What are prokaryote cells? |
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Definition
| Have no membrane bound organelles or nucleus Example: Bacteria cells |
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Term
| Define the term Diffusion |
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Definition
| Diffusion is a passive process in which paritcles in a fluid (liquid or gass) move from regions of high density to regions of low concentration across a semi permeable membrane. |
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Term
| What are four factors that affect the rate of diffusion of a substance? |
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Definition
| The Concentration of the molecules, The size of the molecules, The density of the molecules and Temperature |
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Term
| Name two biological processes where diffusion plays an important role: |
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Definition
| Metabolism and Respiration |
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Term
| Explain the term Semi-permeable membrane |
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Definition
| Is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. |
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Term
| Define the term Plasmolysis |
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Definition
| Plasmolysis is a process that involves the loss of water by osmosis from a plant causing the cell to shrink |
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Term
| Explain the term Turgid in plants |
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Definition
| When plant cells are placed in pure water they swell. The contents of the cytoplasm do not escape through a ruptured cell membrane, because it is supported by the cell wall. Cells puffed up in this way are said to be Turgid. |
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Term
| Explain Surface Area and Volume |
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Definition
| When a object is small it has a large surface area in comparisson to it's volume. As an obecject becomes larger, it's surface area compared to volume is smaller. Duffusion is no longer an effective way to transport materials. For this reason, there is a physical limit for the size of a cell, with the effectiveness of diffusion being the controlling factor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Test: 1cm of Benedict's solution heated Result: Orange- Red Precipitate |
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Term
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Definition
Test: 2 drops of siver nitrate
Result: milky white participate |
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Term
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Definition
Test: Add a few drops of iodine to the sample
Result: Blue/black Solution |
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Term
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Definition
Test: 1mm of sodium hydroxide and 1 drop of copper sulfate.
Result: Purple |
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Term
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Definition
Test: Brown paper
Result: Translucent mark |
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