Term
Which branch of science applies the laws of physics, specifically the action of forces on bodies at rest or in motion?
A. gerontology
B. microbiology
C. biomechanics
D. base of support |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ideal way to perform a transfer is to:
A. assume that the patient cannot assist
B. allow the patient to do as much work as he or she can
C. make the patient work harder than he or she can
D. ask the nursing staff for suggestions |
|
Definition
| allow the patient to do as much work as he or she can |
|
|
Term
When lifting a patient, why would you stand with your feet apart?
A. to increase the base of support
B. to utilize the mobility muscles
C. to make it more comfortable for the patient
D. to decrease the center of gravity |
|
Definition
| to increase the base of support |
|
|
Term
Why does orthostatic hypotension occur in patients who have been in bed for long periods?
A. lack of dietary nutrients that results in lack of energy
B. increase of elasticity of blood vessels, resulting in an increase of CO2 leads
C. the patient sits up and becomes anxious, resulting in a drop of blood pressure.
D. decrease in vasomotor tone in blood vessels resulting in a decrease of oxygen to the brain |
|
Definition
| decrease in vasomotor tone in blood vessels resulting in a decrease of oxygen to the brain |
|
|
Term
Which of the following pathologic conditions require special handling:
A. pelvic girdle fractures
B. painful, inflamed joints
C. debilitated condition
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How can the severity of orthostatic hypotension be minimized?
A. stand quickly
B. move slowly
C. remain flat
D. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is used to describe all types of wheelchair transfers?
A. transfer toward weak side
B. fully lift all patients
C. transfer toward strong side
D. hold patient's center of gravity away from lifter's |
|
Definition
| transfer toward strong side |
|
|
Term
Which of the following types of wheelchair transfers requires minimal assistance by the radiographer?
A. standby assist
B. two-person lift
C. assisted standing pivot
D. hydraulic lift |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When assessing the wheelchair patient for transfer, it is important to:
A. tell the patient how you plan to lift him or her
B. ask the family for guidance
C. suggest that filming be done in the wheelchair
D. determine the patient's abilities by talking to him or her |
|
Definition
| determine the patient's abilities by talking to him or her |
|
|
Term
In a two-person lift, who should lift the torso?
A. the weaker person
B. the stronger person
C. the nurse
D. a family member |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The person lifting the torso in a two-person lift will grab the patient's _________ to lift the patient.
A. proximal humerus
B. transfer belt
C. crossed forearms
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For which type of patient is it appropriate to use a hydraulic lift?
A. a trauma patient
B. an obese patient
C. an elderly patient
D. a surgical patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following items is used to transfer patients from cart to table?
A. a maxi slide
B. a draw sheet
C. thin sheets of plastic
D. A and C
E. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following cart transfer devices requires lifting rather than sliding the patient?
A. a draw sheet
B. a polyester sheet
C. a maxi slide
D. a maxi transfer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following cart transfers has the greatest potential for back strain to the radiographer?
A. a polyester sheet
B. a maxi slide
C. a maxi transfer
D. a draw sheet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which one of the following statements describes the narrowest base of support?
A. standing with the legs 3 feet apart
B. standing with the legs 1 foot apart
C. standing on one foot
D. standing with the feet right next to each other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements represents proper protocol for transferring a patient from a wheelchair to a table (the patient is able to stand, but cannot walk)?
A. the radiographer stands beside the patient with one arm around the patient's waist and the other arm grasping the patient's opposite forearm
B. the radiographer positions the wheelchair at a 45° angle so that the patient's stronger side is closer to the table.
C. the radiographer helps the patient into a standing position and then stands behind the wheelchair to prevent it from moving while the patient reaches for the table
D. the radiographer solicits help from another radiographer and performs a two-person lift from the wheelchair |
|
Definition
| the radiographer positions the wheelchair at a 45° angle so that the patient's stronger side is closer to the table |
|
|
Term
The center of gravity for a standing patient is:
A. near the umbilicus
B. at approximately the second sacral segment (S2)
C. at the center of the diaphragm
D. at the level of the second lumbar (L2) |
|
Definition
| at approximately the second sacral segment (S2) |
|
|
Term
Why is it necessary to place sandbags by the wheels on a cart?
A. because there are no locks on the wheels of a cart
B. because the locks are not functional on carts
C. to prevent a cart from moving
D. none of the above |
|
Definition
| to prevent a cart from moving |
|
|
Term
Transfers should be arranged so that which side of the patient is next to the table?
A. the left side
B. the right side
C. the weaker side
D. the stronger side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Orthostatic hypotension is a situation that results from which of the following?
A. being in an automobile accident?
B. earlier trauma to the spinal cord
C. being in bed for long periods
D. transferring from a wheelchair to a table |
|
Definition
| being in bed for long periods |
|
|
Term
Which of the following wheelchair transfers is used for non-weight bearing?
A. the two-person lift
B. the standby assist
C. the assisted standing pivot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following statements discuss an assisted standing pivot wheelchair transfer except:
A. the patient will pivot toward the table until he or she feels the table on the back of the thighs
B. the person doing the transfer stands being the patient
C. the patient will push down on the arms of the chair to assist in rising
D. as the patient rises, the person doing the transfer also rises and straightens the knees |
|
Definition
| the person doing the transfer stands being the patient |
|
|
Term
In which of the following circumstances should a moving device be used to transfer a patient from a cart to a radiographic table?
A. for any patient brought to radiography on a cart
B. for all emergency departments patients that have been injured
C. for patients suffering from orthostatic hypotension
D. for patients who are unable to assist in their move |
|
Definition
| for patients who are unable to assist in their move |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Stability muscles are found in the extremities. |
|
Definition
| False. Stability muscles are found in the torso. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: A basic principle of lifting states that the patient should never assist in his or her moving. |
|
Definition
| False. The patient should help if they are capable. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: By asking a patient what his or her moving capabilities are, the radiographer will provide only the assistance needed to move the patient comfortably. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: A transfer belt can be used for the safe and effective transfer of a patient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Wheelchair wheels should be locked for all wheelchair transfers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: If a moving device is not readily available, the patient can be transferred to a table by using a draw sheet. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When using immobilization techniques, which radiographic factor is being controlled?
A. contrast
B. density
C. motion
D. distortion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An effective way to reduce motion is to:
A. communicate with the patient
B. increase the exposure time
C. decrease the SID |
|
Definition
| communicate with the patient |
|
|
Term
All of the following radiography procedures can utilize positioning sponges except for the:
A. lateral hand
B. PA chest
C. oblique lumbar spine
D. lateral finger |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following immobilization devices is utilized for a lateral chest on a non-ambulatory patient?
A. positioning sponge
B. sandbags
C. a sheet restraint
D. Velcro straps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why are Velcro straps used for the axial projection of the calcaneus?
A. decrease foot motion
B. assist patient in dorsiflexing the foot
C. protect patient from falling
D. support the ankle from further injury |
|
Definition
| assist the patient in dorsiflexing the foot |
|
|
Term
Which of the following immobilization devices is used to help keep the patient from falling off the table?
A. sandbags
B. positioning sponges
C. Velcro restraints
D. head clamps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A sandbag cannot be place directly over the injured site for which of the following reasons?
A. because it is radiopaque
B. because it is radiolucent
C. because it reduces physical strain
D. because it decreases radiographic density |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is true of immobilization devices applied to trauma patients?
A. they must be removed before initial radiographic procedures
B. they can be removed by the emergency department nurse before initial filming
C. they must be left in place during initial filming
D. they can be removed if the area of injury is unstable |
|
Definition
| they must be left in place during initial filming |
|
|
Term
The purpose of the cervical collar is to:
A. prevent hemorrhaging of carotid arteries
B. place traction on the spine to prevent movement
C. reduce the possibility of aspiration
D. immobilize the entire vertebral column |
|
Definition
| place traction on the spine to prevent movement |
|
|
Term
Which of the following body parts does a backboard immobilize?
A. the thoracic spine
B. the pelvis
C. the lower extremities
D. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements describes the advantage(s) of using a spine board?
A. it can be used to lift the entire patient onto the radiographic table
B. it is radiolucent, and therefore the entire body can be radiographed through the board
C. it places traction on the cervical spine to prevent further movement
D. A and B
E. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the difference between an air splint and a traction splint used on the lower leg?
A. an air splint provides stability
B. a traction splint is radiolucent
C. an air splint is radiopaque
D. a traction splint prevents hemorrhaging |
|
Definition
| an air splint provides stability |
|
|
Term
For which of the following fractures would traction splints be used?
A. humerus
B. femur
C. radius
D. shoulder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A patient with internal bleeding of the abdomen and unstable vital signs will have which of the following immobilization devices applied by paramedics?
A. a cervical collar
B. an air splint
C. inflatable trousers
D. traction splints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is meant by the statement, "To stand tall is pediatric radiology, you have to get down on your knees?"
A. radiographers need to explain the procedures to the parents
B. communication with the patient is best accomplished at eye level
C. children are too short for taking erect chest films |
|
Definition
| communication with the patient is best accomplished at eye level |
|
|
Term
All of the following statements refer to Velcro strap restraints except:
A. they adjust to any size patient
B. they reduce physical strain on the patient from holding a position
C. they can adjust to any part of the body
D. they easily attach to the radiographic table |
|
Definition
| they reduce physical strain on the patient from holding a position |
|
|
Term
Which of the following immobilization devices are radiopaque?
A. sponges
B. spineboards
C. air splints
D. sandbags |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The purpose of inflatable trousers is that they:
A. slow the rate of hemorrhage
B. immobilize a fractured femur
C. provide support for the entire body
D. place traction on the lower limbs |
|
Definition
| slow the rate of hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
Which of the following immobilization devices is (are) useful for pediatric imaging?
A. Pigg-O-Stat
B. Octastop board
C. sheet restraint
D. A and B
E. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Proper immobilization can decrease repeat radiographs and increase radiation exposure. |
|
Definition
| False. It does not INCREASE radiation exposure. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Tape, Velcro restraints, and Plexiglas can all be useful immobilization devices. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Positioning sponges are the most commonly used of the immobilization devices. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Spineboards or backboards are used only for patients with spine injures. |
|
Definition
| False. Spineboards or backboards are useful for a series of injures. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Traction splints should be removed for radiographic procedures. |
|
Definition
| False. Traction splints should NEVER be removed unless instructed by the physician. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Head clamps help to immobilize the head and cervical spine. |
|
Definition
| False. Head clamps DO NOT help immobilize the cervical spine. |
|
|
