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Patient Assessment- Endo
Misc
57
Medical
Graduate
10/30/2018

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Term
What is the definition of "prevalence"?
Definition
The proportion of people in a defined population at any given point in time who have the condition in question.
Term
What is the Likelihood Ratio (LR)?
Definition
Conveys the odds that a finding occurs in a patient with the condition compared to a patient without the condition.
Term
Kappa (k) measurement of interobserver agreement
Definition
Measures the degree of observer agreement, or precision, of a clinical finding compared to agreement by chance alone.
Term
What signs in the hands might lead you to think hyperthyroidism?
Definition
Heat, tremor, palmar erythema
Term
Oversized hands could mean what?
Definition
Acromegaly
Term
Pigmentation of palmar crease could mean what?
Definition
Addison's (though could be normal in Asians or blacks)
Term
Shortened 3rd and 5th metacarpals could mean what?
Definition
Pseudohypoparathyroid
Term
BP in Addison's/Cushing's?
Definition
Addison's- hypotension
Cushing's- hypertension
Term
How to perform Trousseau's sign
Definition
Occlude brachial artery w/ BP cuff for 3 mins --> positive if carpal spasm occurs
Term
What does a positive Trousseau's sign indicate?
Definition
Hypocalcemia
Term
What signs in the axilla could indicate acromegaly?
Definition
Acanthosis nigricans
Skin tags
Term
Moon face?
Definition
Cushings
Term
Bulging eyes?
Definition
Graves
Term
tongue sign in acromegaly?
Definition
Enlarged
Term
Buccal mucosa in Addison's?
Definition
Hyperpigmented
Term
Webbed neck indicates what disease?
Definition
Turner syndrome (X, 0)
Term
Buffalo hump?
Definition
Cushing
Term
Hormone problem in Cushing?
Definition
Excess ACTH
Term
Where is prolactin secreted and what is its function?
Definition
Anterior Pituitary
Simulates milk production
Term
Where is oxytocin secreted & what is its function?
Definition
Posterior pituitary
Stimulates milk ejection
Term
What is primordial dwarfism?
Definition
People have smaller than average size organs
Typically don't live past 30
Term
Drug of choice to manage diabetes insipidus?
Definition
Desmopressin
Term
How to dx hypoglycemia in non-diabetic?
Definition
Whipple's triad:
1) Signs and/or symptoms of low BG
2) Low plasma glucose at time of symptoms
3) Resolution of symptoms with correction of plasma glucose
Term
what is the definition of Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)?
Definition
An autosomal dominant predisposition to tumors of the parathyroid glands, anterior pituitary, and enteropancreatic endocrine cells (pancreatic islet cells)
Term
Diagnostic criteria for MEN1?
Definition
the occurrence of two or more primary MEN1
tumor types, or in family members of a patient with a clinical diagnosis of MEN1, the occurrence of one of the MEN1-associated tumors
Term
Clinical manifestations of MEN1?
Definition
Hyperparathyroidism (Hypercalcemia)
Pituitary adenomas
Pancreatic islet cell/GI tumors (MC Zollinger-Ellison [gastrinoma] syndrome)
Insulinoma (hypoglycemia)
Other tumors
Term
What is MEN2?
Definition
Autosomal dominant disorder involving the RET proto-oncogene on chromosome 10
2 subtypes: 2A and 2B
Term
4 variants of MEN2A?
Definition
classical MEN2A, MEN2A with cutaneous lichen amyloidosis (CLA), MEN2A with Hirschsprung disease (HD), and familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC)
Term
Is there parathyroid involvement in MEN2A or 2B?
Definition
2A
Term
Which type of MEN is associated w/ Marfanism?
Definition
MEN2B
Term
Which MEN subtype is associated w/ intestinal ganglioneuromas?
Definition
MEN2B
Term
Which MEN subtype is associated w/ mucosal neuromas?
Definition
2B
Term
Which MEN subtype is associated w/ pheochromocytoma?
Definition
2A
Term
Which MEN subtype is AKA Wermer's syndrome?
Definition
MEN1
Term
Which MEN subtype is AKA Sipple's syndrome?
Definition
2A
Term
How long does an older woman need to have amenorrhea to dx menopause?
Definition
12 months
Term
What is subclinical hyperthyroidism?
Definition
TSH is below normal but serum T3 and T4 are normal
Term
Pathophys of Graves?
Definition
Body produces antibody (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin or TSI) that causes the thyroid to secrete too much thyroid hormone
Term
Sxs of Graves?
Definition
exophthalmos, periorbital and conjunctival edema, limitation of eye movement, and infiltrative dermopathy (pretibial
myxedema)
Term
Graves disease labs?
Definition
If TSH is low and only serum T3 is high (normal free T4 concentration), the patient most likely has Graves' disease, radioiodine uptake test, a serum T3/T4 ratio >20 ng/mcg and a serum free T3/free T4 ratio >0.3
Term
Two major forms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
Definition
Goiterous autoimmune thyroiditis
Atrophic autoimmune thyroidits (AKA primary myxedema)
Both present w/ lymphocytic infiltration & follicular destruction
Term
MC cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Definition
Benign parathyroid tumor (adenoma)
Term
MC cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Definition
Chronic kidney failure (Depletes vit D, leading to hypocalcemia)
Term
Two catecholamine-secreting tumor types?
Definition
Pheochromocytoma (from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla)
Paraganglioma (from sympathetic ganglion)
Term
Pheochromocytoma symptoms?
Definition
Classic triad-episodic headache, sweating,
and tachycardia; sustained or paroxysmal hypertension is the most common sign
Term
Tx for pheochromocytoma?
Definition
Alpha-adrenergic blockade- phenoxybenzamine
Then beta-adrenergic blockade
Surgery
Term
Symptoms of Addison's?
Definition
(Lack of corticosteroids)
Vitiligo (white patches of skin due to destruction of melanocytes)
Hypoglycemia
Hypotension
Term
Pathophys of Addison's?
Definition
Primary adrenoinsufficiency
Term
Bronze pigmentation of skin should make you think what?
Definition
Addison's
Term
Tx for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia?
Definition
Spironolactone
Term
What is Conn's syndrome?
Definition
Adrenal aldosteronoma
Term
Clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome?
Definition
Short stature, webbed neck, decreased breast development
Term
Function of FSH in males?
Definition
Stimulates Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis
Term
Function of LH in males?
Definition
Stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone
Term
MC congenital cause of hypogonadism?
Definition
Klinefelter syndrome
Term
Klinefelter syndrome
Definition
Male with extra x chromosome
Gynecomastia, infertility, wide hips, taller than peers, hypospadia (urethra opening on underside of penis)
Term
PCOS: hyper or hypo androgenism?
Definition
Hyper
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