Term
What is the definition of "prevalence"? |
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Definition
The proportion of people in a defined population at any given point in time who have the condition in question. |
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Term
What is the Likelihood Ratio (LR)? |
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Definition
Conveys the odds that a finding occurs in a patient with the condition compared to a patient without the condition. |
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Term
Kappa (k) measurement of interobserver agreement |
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Definition
Measures the degree of observer agreement, or precision, of a clinical finding compared to agreement by chance alone. |
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Term
What signs in the hands might lead you to think hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
Heat, tremor, palmar erythema |
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Term
Oversized hands could mean what? |
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Definition
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Term
Pigmentation of palmar crease could mean what? |
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Definition
Addison's (though could be normal in Asians or blacks) |
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Term
Shortened 3rd and 5th metacarpals could mean what? |
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Definition
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Term
BP in Addison's/Cushing's? |
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Definition
Addison's- hypotension Cushing's- hypertension |
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Term
How to perform Trousseau's sign |
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Definition
Occlude brachial artery w/ BP cuff for 3 mins --> positive if carpal spasm occurs |
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Term
What does a positive Trousseau's sign indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
What signs in the axilla could indicate acromegaly? |
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Definition
Acanthosis nigricans Skin tags |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
tongue sign in acromegaly? |
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Definition
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Term
Buccal mucosa in Addison's? |
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Definition
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Term
Webbed neck indicates what disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Hormone problem in Cushing? |
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Definition
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Term
Where is prolactin secreted and what is its function? |
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Definition
Anterior Pituitary Simulates milk production |
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Term
Where is oxytocin secreted & what is its function? |
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Definition
Posterior pituitary Stimulates milk ejection |
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Term
What is primordial dwarfism? |
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Definition
People have smaller than average size organs Typically don't live past 30 |
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Term
Drug of choice to manage diabetes insipidus? |
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Definition
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Term
How to dx hypoglycemia in non-diabetic? |
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Definition
Whipple's triad: 1) Signs and/or symptoms of low BG 2) Low plasma glucose at time of symptoms 3) Resolution of symptoms with correction of plasma glucose |
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Term
what is the definition of Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)? |
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Definition
An autosomal dominant predisposition to tumors of the parathyroid glands, anterior pituitary, and enteropancreatic endocrine cells (pancreatic islet cells) |
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Term
Diagnostic criteria for MEN1? |
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Definition
the occurrence of two or more primary MEN1 tumor types, or in family members of a patient with a clinical diagnosis of MEN1, the occurrence of one of the MEN1-associated tumors |
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Term
Clinical manifestations of MEN1? |
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Definition
Hyperparathyroidism (Hypercalcemia) Pituitary adenomas Pancreatic islet cell/GI tumors (MC Zollinger-Ellison [gastrinoma] syndrome) Insulinoma (hypoglycemia) Other tumors |
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Term
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Definition
Autosomal dominant disorder involving the RET proto-oncogene on chromosome 10 2 subtypes: 2A and 2B |
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Term
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Definition
classical MEN2A, MEN2A with cutaneous lichen amyloidosis (CLA), MEN2A with Hirschsprung disease (HD), and familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) |
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Term
Is there parathyroid involvement in MEN2A or 2B? |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of MEN is associated w/ Marfanism? |
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Definition
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Term
Which MEN subtype is associated w/ intestinal ganglioneuromas? |
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Definition
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Term
Which MEN subtype is associated w/ mucosal neuromas? |
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Definition
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Term
Which MEN subtype is associated w/ pheochromocytoma? |
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Definition
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Term
Which MEN subtype is AKA Wermer's syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
Which MEN subtype is AKA Sipple's syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
How long does an older woman need to have amenorrhea to dx menopause? |
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Definition
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Term
What is subclinical hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
TSH is below normal but serum T3 and T4 are normal |
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Term
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Definition
Body produces antibody (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin or TSI) that causes the thyroid to secrete too much thyroid hormone |
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Term
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Definition
exophthalmos, periorbital and conjunctival edema, limitation of eye movement, and infiltrative dermopathy (pretibial myxedema) |
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Term
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Definition
If TSH is low and only serum T3 is high (normal free T4 concentration), the patient most likely has Graves' disease, radioiodine uptake test, a serum T3/T4 ratio >20 ng/mcg and a serum free T3/free T4 ratio >0.3 |
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Term
Two major forms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis? |
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Definition
Goiterous autoimmune thyroiditis Atrophic autoimmune thyroidits (AKA primary myxedema) Both present w/ lymphocytic infiltration & follicular destruction |
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Term
MC cause of primary hyperparathyroidism? |
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Definition
Benign parathyroid tumor (adenoma) |
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Term
MC cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism? |
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Definition
Chronic kidney failure (Depletes vit D, leading to hypocalcemia) |
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Term
Two catecholamine-secreting tumor types? |
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Definition
Pheochromocytoma (from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla) Paraganglioma (from sympathetic ganglion) |
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Term
Pheochromocytoma symptoms? |
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Definition
Classic triad-episodic headache, sweating, and tachycardia; sustained or paroxysmal hypertension is the most common sign |
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Term
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Definition
Alpha-adrenergic blockade- phenoxybenzamine Then beta-adrenergic blockade Surgery |
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Term
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Definition
(Lack of corticosteroids) Vitiligo (white patches of skin due to destruction of melanocytes) Hypoglycemia Hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
Primary adrenoinsufficiency |
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Term
Bronze pigmentation of skin should make you think what? |
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Definition
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Term
Tx for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome? |
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Definition
Short stature, webbed neck, decreased breast development |
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Term
Function of FSH in males? |
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Definition
Stimulates Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone |
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Term
MC congenital cause of hypogonadism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Male with extra x chromosome Gynecomastia, infertility, wide hips, taller than peers, hypospadia (urethra opening on underside of penis) |
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Term
PCOS: hyper or hypo androgenism? |
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Definition
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