Term
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Definition
-Screening for early detection of cervical cancer.
-Diagnosis of cervical cancer requires pathologic confirmation.
-Most cost effective |
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Term
| Precipitating causes of cancer of cervix? |
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Definition
| Related to Human Papillomavirus infection |
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Term
| Role of HPV causing dysplasia? |
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Definition
Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix, the opening between the uterus and the vagina.
-It is also called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). -Strongly associated with sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical dysplasia
-Most common in women under age 30 but can develop at any age. |
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Term
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Definition
•Most common frequent invasive cancer of female reproductive track in US
•15-25% of postmenopausal women with bleeding have endometrial cancer
•In Type I risk prolonged estrogenic stimulation, obesity(10 fold increase if 50#overweight), diabetes, nulliparity(no kids, never pregnant), early menarche and late menopause
•Sympthoms are Abnormal painless excessive bleeding;
•Survival 80-85% |
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Term
Endometriosis
How did the tissue get there? |
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Definition
–Up through the fallopian tubes (retrograde menstruation)
–Activation of dormant cells that were always there |
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Term
Endometriosis
The ectopic implants respond to hormones |
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Definition
–Go through menstrual cycle
-During menstrual period, tissue dies and bleeds
–Pain and adhesions result |
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Term
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Definition
fibroids
– Benign tumors of smooth muscle origin-discovered during pelvic exam
– One out of four women over age 35
– Growth rate and size greater in AA black women
–Asymptomatic or may cause menorrhagia(excessive menstrual flow)
–Amemia, urinary frequency, rectal pressure, constipation, abdominal distention, infrequently pain |
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Term
| Breast cancer: who is at risk |
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Definition
Breast Cancer(10% hereditary) (e.g.impact of menopause timing, age of first child)
age, Family history, hormonal influences that promotion of breast maturation and increase cell mutation(early menarche, late menopause, 1st child>30, not term pregnancies)
Most no identifiable risk factors |
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Term
| Breast Cancer – Detection |
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Definition
-BSE, mammography, MRI, biopsy(excisional, needle, incisional.
•Tumor removal-wide or local excision. mass, puckering, nipple retraction, unusual discharge.
•Can be found anywhere on breast buy most common in Upper Outer Quadrant |
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Term
| Breast Cancer – Diagnosis required? |
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Definition
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Term
| Breast Cancer – Classification |
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Definition
| tumors according to size nodal involvement and metastasis. |
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Term
| Breast Cancer – Lumpectomy |
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Definition
| (for breast conservation) versus mastectomy(removal entire breast, underlying muscle, axillary node) |
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Term
| Breast Cancer – Why is Node testing important? |
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Definition
| (extent of nodal involvement than extent of breast involvement) |
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Term
| Breast Cancer- What is the Genetic testing that can be done? |
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Definition
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Term
| Should everyone who has had a lumpectomy have their regional nodes tested for metastasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Role of genetics BRCA1 and 2 |
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Definition
• Cancer develops when cells mutate and are not repaired
–BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes code for proteins that help repair DNA after it has mutated
–Mutation of BRCA1 or BRCA2 make cancer more likely |
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Term
| What is the description of a Disorder of pelvic support and uterine position |
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Definition
| - relaxation of pelvic support |
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Term
Disorders of pelvic support and uterine position
–Cystocele |
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Definition
| -herniation of bladder into vagina. S&S-incontinence, abdominal pressure, from squatting, straining, coughing, sneezing, lauging, lifting. |
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Term
Disorders of pelvic support and uterine position
–Rectocele |
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Definition
| -herniation of rectum into vagina. S&S-discomfort due to protusion of rectum & difficulty in defecation. |
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Term
Disorders of pelvic support and uterine position
–Uterine prolapsed |
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Definition
-bulging of uterus into vagina due to ligaments stretched.
S&S- irritation of exposed mucus membrane of cervix & vagina & discomfort of protruding mass. |
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Term
| Why is ovarian cancer detected late? |
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Definition
• May be asymptomatic or vague
• No good screens; CA 125 is a cell surface antigen used for monitoring therapy and recurrences. CA125 screening only used with 2 or more first degree relatives |
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Term
| What are highest risk factors for ovarian cancer? |
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Definition
| Risk correlates with history/genetics and ovulatory age 65-84 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What decreases risk of ovarian cancer? |
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Definition
| Early screening / Pap smear |
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