Term
| RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS: |
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Definition
| CAN INVOLVE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT, LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT OR BOTH. |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
UPPER |
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Definition
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
LOWER |
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Definition
-TRACHEA
-BRONCHIAL TREE
-LUNGS |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
MANIFESTATIONS |
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Definition
-COMMON COLD
-RHINOSINUSITIS
-INFLUENZA
-PNEUMONIS
-TUBERCULOSIS |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
UPPER (ADULTS) |
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Definition
-COMMON COLD
-RHINOSINUSITIS
-INFLUENZA |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
COMMON COLD FACTS |
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Definition
-VIRAL INFECTION OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
-MOST COMMON R.T. INFECTION
-ADULTS HAVE 2-4 COLDS/YEAR
-SCHOOLCHILDREN HAVE UP TO 10 COLDS/YEAR
-SELF LIMITING, LASTS ABOUT 7 DAYS |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
COMMON COLD SYMPTOMS |
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Definition
-DRYNESS AND STUFFINESS IN NASOPHARYNX
-NASAL SECRETIONS, TEARS
-MUCUS MEMBRANES RED, SWOLLEN, SECRETE MUCUS
-SORE THROAT, HOARSENESS
-HEADACHE, GENERAL MALAISE
-CHILLS, FEVER, EXHAUSTION |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
COMMON COLD VIRUSES |
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Definition
-SEASON, AGE, PRIOR EXPOSURE DETERMINE TYPE OF VIRUS CAUSING COMMON COLD
-RHINOVIRUSES; COMMON IN SPRING AND FALL, MOST COMMON COLD VIRUS BETWEEN 5AND 40 YRS OLD.
-OTHER VIRUSES CAUSE WINTER AND SPRING COLDS
-OVER 100 SEROTYPES OF RHINOVIRUS
-IMMUNITY ACQUIRED TO A SPECIFIC SEROTYPE OF RHINOVIRUS. |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
ENTRY OF COLD VIRUS |
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Definition
-CHILDREN SPREAD
-COUGHING AND SNEEZING SPREAD
-VIRUS CAN LIVE 5 HRS ON SURFACES
-MOST COMMON ENTRY PORTALS EYES, NOSE
-FINGERS PICK UP,TRANSFER TO EYES, NOSE
-HAND WASHING PREVENTS INFECTION
-INHALATION LESS IMPORTANT THAN FINGERS IN SPREAD
-ANTIBIOTICS INEFFECTIVE IN TREATMENT OF COLD |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
RHINOSINUSITIS |
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Definition
-COMMONLY CALLED SINUSITIS
-MOST CASES START WITH COLD OR FLU
-SINUS INFLAMMATION OCCURS IN MOST COLDS
-IN SMALL % OF PEOPLE, SINUS INFLAMMATION CAUSES SINUSITIS
-NASAL POLYPS CAN CAUSE SINUSITIS |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
ACUTE VIRAL RHINOSINUSITIS DURATION |
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Definition
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
ACUTE BACTERIAL RHINOSINUSITIS DURATION |
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Definition
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
SUBACUTE SINUSITIS DURATION |
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Definition
| -12-14 WEEKS (PROBABLY BACTERIAL) |
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Term
RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS:
CHRONIC SINUSITIS DURATION |
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Definition
| -LASTS MORE THAN 12 WEEKS (PROBABLY BACTERIAL) |
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Term
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Definition
-PAIN
-TENDERNESS
-SWELLING OVER SINUS INVOLVED
-CONGESTION
-NASAL BLOCKAGE
-DECREASED SMELL
-PRODUCTIVE COUGH
-PURULENT NASAL DISCHARGE |
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Term
SUNUSITIS:
TREATMENT OF VIRAL |
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Definition
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Term
SUNUSITIS:
TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-APPROX. 36000 PEOPLE DIE ANNUALLY FROM INFLUENZA-RELATED ILLNESS
-VIRUS TRANSMITTED BY AEROSOL (3 OR MORE PARTICLES) OR DIRECT CONTACT
-PEOPLE ARE INFECTIOUS 1 DAY BEFORE ONSET OF SYMPTOMS
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Term
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Definition
-UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION (RHINOTRACHEITIS)
-VIRAL PNEUMONIA
-Respiratory viral infection followed by a bacterial infection |
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Term
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Definition
-ANTIBIOTICS FOR SECONDARY BACTERIAL INFECTION
-ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT IN SOME CASES MUST BEGIN WITHIN 30 HOURS OF SYMPTOMS |
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Term
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Definition
-INJECTED (MOST COMMON)
-INTRANASAL |
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Term
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Definition
-INFLAMMATION OF BRONCHIOLES, LUNG AND SOMETIMES PLEURA
-6TH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN US
-MAJOR CAUSE OF DEATH IN ELDERLY AND IMMUNOCOMPROMISED INDIVIDUALS
-USUALLY WHEN IMMUNE SYSTEM IS WEAKENED BY UPPER RESP. TRACT INFECTION OR INFLUENZA |
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Term
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Definition
-BACTERIA NORMALLY FOUND IN NASOPHARYNX OR OROPHARYNX ASPIRATED INTO LUNG
-PATHOGENS SPREAD BY INHALED RESPIRATORY DROPLETS |
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Term
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Definition
CLASSIFIED BY
type of agent (typical or atypical) causing pneumonia
distribution of pneumonia (lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia)
setting (community or hospital) in which it occurs |
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Term
TYPICAL PNEUMONIA:
CAUSED BY |
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Definition
-BACTERIA IN ALVEOIL
-STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE MOST COMMON CAUSE |
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Term
TYPICAL PNEUMONIA:
MANIFESTATIONS |
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Definition
-INFLAMED ALVEOLI FILL WITH EXUDATE
-PRODUCTS OF INFLAMMATION ACCUMULATE IN ALVEOLI CAUSEING A SOLID MASS IN LUNG THAT CAN BE SEEN IN X-RAY
-FILLING OF ALVEOLI DECREASES OXYGEN CAUSEING HYPOXEMIA AND DYSPNEA, CRACKLES IN BREATH SOUNDS |
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Term
TYPICAL PNEUMONIA:
SYMPTOMS |
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Definition
-COMES ON SUDDENLY
-HIGH FEVER, SHAKING CHILLS
-PRODUCTIVE COUGH, COLORED SPUTUM
-CHEST PAIN
-SHORTNESS OF BREATH
-CRACKLING BREATH SOUNDS |
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Term
| COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA: |
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Definition
-CAUSED BY ORGANISMS FOUND IN THE COMMUNITY RATHER THAN A HOSPITAL OR NURSING HOME
-CAN BE BACTERAIL OR VIRAL |
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Term
COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA:
MOST COMMON CAUSES |
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Definition
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Term
COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA:
LEGIONAIRES DISEASE |
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Definition
-COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
-CAUSED BY BACTERIA lEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILIA FOUND IN WARM STANDING WATER
*FACTORS THAT INCREASE RISK*
-SMOKING
-CHRONIC DISEASE
-IMPAIRED CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY |
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Term
| HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA |
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Definition
-NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA
-NOT PRESENT OR INCUBATING ON ADMISSION TO HOSPITAL OR NURSING HOME
-SECOND MOST COMMON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
-MOST ARE BACTERIAL
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Term
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Definition
| WORLD'S FOREMOST CAUSE OF DEATH FROM A SINGLE INFECTIOUS AGENT, CAUSES 26% OF AVOIDABLE DEATHS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES |
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Term
TUBERCULOSIS:
DRUG RESISTANT FORMS |
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Definition
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS HOMINIS
-HAS A PROTECTIVE WAXY CAPSULE THAT RESISTS DESTRUCTION
-CAN STAY ALIVE IN SUSPENDED ANIMATION FOR YEARS |
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Term
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Definition
-AIRBORNE INFECTION SPREAD BY DROPLETS IN RESPIRATORY SECRETION OF PEOPLE W/ ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS
-COUGHING, SNEEZING, TALKING
-DROPLETS EVAPORATE AND LEAVE ORGANISMS SUSPENDED IN AIR |
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Term
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Definition
-Bacilli multiply in alveoli of lungs. Alveolar macrophages attack bacilli but cannot destroy it.
-Macrophages stimulate a cell-mediated immune response. Cell mediated immune response causes damage to lung tissue
-Cell-mediated immune response results in positive TB skin test
-Bacilli are isolated in lung tissue within a granuloma (tubercle)
-Tubercle is area of initial infection of airborne bacteria and contains the bacilli, macrophages and other immune cells
-Infected tissues in tubercle die reuslting in caseous necrosis (dead tissue resembles cheese-like material)
-Scar tissue grows around tubercle walling it off |
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Term
TUBERCULOSIS:
PRIMARY INFECTIONS |
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Definition
-Primary infection: Develops in someone who has not been previously exposed
-Immune cells wall off and isolate bacilli in granuloma. Infection is called a latent infection
-Usually asymptomatic
-Individuals with a latent infection cannot transmit TB to others |
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Term
TUBERCULOSIS:
PROGRESSIVE PRIMARY INFECTIONS |
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Definition
-In 5% of individuals with primary infection, immune response does not contain the bacteria
-Bacteria spreads to multiple sites in lung and more lung tissue is destroyed
-Symptoms are nonspecific: fever, weight loss, fatique, and night sweats.
-Bacteria can spread to sputum and person becomes infectious |
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Term
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Definition
-Reinfection from inhaled droplet nuclei
-Reactivation of a previously healed primary lesion
-Immediate cell-mediated response walls off infection in airways
-Bacteria damage tissues in the airways, creating cavities (cavitary tuberculosis)
-Signs of chronic pneumonia: gradual destruction of lung tissue
-Eventually fatal if untreated
-Consumption is wasting seen in severe secondary TB |
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Term
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Definition
| -LUNG CANCER IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER DEATH |
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Term
LUNG CANCER:
EFFECT OF SMOKING |
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Definition
| SMOKING CAUSES GENETIC CHANGES THAT CONVERT NORMAL BRONCHIAL CELLS TO CANCER CELLS |
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Term
LUNG CANCER:
BRONCHIOGENIC CARCINOMA |
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Definition
-95 % OF LUNG CANCERS
-ARISE FROM BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM
-CATEGORIZED AS:
-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
-NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER
*LARGE CELL CARCINOMA
*SQUAMOUS CELL
*ADENOCARCINOMA |
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Term
LUNG CANCER:
MANIFESTATIONS |
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Definition
-CHANGES IN ORGAN FUNCTION
-LOCAL EFFECTS OF TUMORS
-ECTOPIC HORMONES SECRETED BY TUMOR CELLS
-NONSPECIFIC SIGNS OF TISSUE BREAKDOWN |
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Term
CHILDHOOD REPIRATORY INFECTIONS:
CROUP |
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Definition
-AFFECTS CHILDREN 3 MO TO 5 YRS.
-USUALLY FOLLOWS A COLD |
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Term
CHILDHOOD REPIRATORY INFECTIONS:
CROUP SYMPTOMS |
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Definition
-BARKING COUGH
-STRIDOR (HIGH PITCHED SOUND DUE TO AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION) |
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Term
CHILDHOOD REPIRATORY INFECTIONS:
CROUP TREATMENT |
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Definition
| -USUALLY CAN BE MANAGED AT HOME WITH HIGH HUMIDIFICATION |
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Term
CHILDHOOD REPIRATORY INFECTIONS:
EPIGLOTTITIS |
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Definition
| AFFECTS CHILDREN 2-7 YRS. |
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Term
CHILDHOOD REPIRATORY INFECTIONS:
EPIGLOTTITIS CAUSED BY |
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Definition
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA
-LESS COMMON BECAUSE OF IMMUNIZATIONS |
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Term
CHILDHOOD REPIRATORY INFECTIONS:
EPIGLOTTITIS ONSET |
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Definition
| -SUDDEN ONSET LIFE THREATENING |
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Term
CHILDHOOD REPIRATORY INFECTIONS:
EPIGLOTTITIS TREATMENT |
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Definition
-MAY REQUIRE INTUBATION OT TRACHEOTOMY
-ANTIBIOTICS |
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