Term
| What is the definition of Acute Renal Failure (ARF)? |
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Definition
| This is a potentially reversible syndrome characterized by an abrupt decrease in renal function (developing over hours to weeks) that results in the retention of nitrogenous waste products. |
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Term
| What type of serum levels are seen with ARF? |
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Definition
| An acute increase in the serum creatinine level, of at least 0.5mg/dl, is usually seen. |
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Term
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Definition
| urine output < 400ml/24hrs- commonly seen with ARF |
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Term
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Definition
| UOP < 100ml/24hrs-commonly seen with ARF |
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Term
| What are some other common finding with ARF? |
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Definition
| Disruptions of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are also common |
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Term
| What is uremia or azotemia? |
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Definition
| The retention of nitrogenous waste products (eg. urea, creatinine, and uric acid) is called uremia or azotemia. It is reflected by the serum BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine levels |
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Term
| What is the mortality rate of ARF in critical care units? |
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Definition
| Mortality in critical care units can be as high as 70%. |
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Term
| What will predispose a person to ARF? |
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Definition
| Pre-existing renal disease, atherosclerosis, HTN, DM, CHF and liver disease all increase the risk of developing ARF--Advanced age also increases the risk of ARF. |
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Term
| How much does the GFR decrease by, by the age of 80. |
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Definition
| By age 80, the GFR is decreased by 50%. |
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Term
| What are the types of ARF? |
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Definition
Prerenal
Postrenal
Intraremal |
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Term
| What is prerenal ARF due to? |
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Definition
| decreased perfusion of the kidney |
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Term
| What are the causes of prerenal ARF? |
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Definition
| Causes include hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, and renal artery obstruction (stenosis, thrombosis, embolus, etc.). |
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Term
| What percentage of prerenal ARF are community acquired and what percentage are hospital-acquired? |
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Definition
| prerenal ARF makes up 70% of the community-acquired and 40% of the hospital-acquired cases |
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