Term
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Definition
| The study of functional changes that occur in the body as a result of injury, disorder, or disease. It is ofter referred to as the study of mechanisms of disease. |
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Definition
| Structure is how the human body is put together, including the component parts and the location of these parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Function is concerned with how these component parts operate together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease is the functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs or organ systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| A syndrome is a specific condition with a recognizable, predictable pattern. |
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Term
| What is the begining of a disease called? |
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Definition
| Pathogenesis, which is studied to prevent disease from occuring or faciltate early diagnosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Etiology is the precise cause of a disease, which is sometimes identifiable. An etiology can sometimes be mutifactorial, meaning it has many causes. When there is no cause, the etiology is said to be ideopathic. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pathogen is a disease causing microorganism. |
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Term
| What is noscomical disease? |
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Definition
| Noscomical disease is when an disease is the rusult of exposure to infection in the healthcare environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease which is the inadvertant result of medical treatment. Ex. UTI because of a catheter. |
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Term
| What is a manifestation that is found directly at the site of the disease and is confined to a specific area? |
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Definition
| Local signs and symptoms. |
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Term
| What is a systemic manifestation of signs and symptoms? |
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Definition
| Systemic manifestations are presented throughout the body and are not confined to one area such as kethargy and headaches. |
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Term
| What is an acute manifestation? |
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Definition
| An acute manifestation is a symptoms of disease that begins abruptly and that dissapates in a few days, weeks or months. An example of this is the common cold. |
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Term
| What is the disease classified as if it lasts longer than six months, has a gradual onset and have a remission (symptom free period)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the term Subacute signify? |
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Definition
| Subacute is a classification used to designate diseases which fall between an acute and chronis disease. |
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Term
| What does the term asymptomatic signify? |
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Definition
| Asymptomatic referres to a condition which onsets but does not have any symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Epidemology is the study of disease in populations. It comprises:
1) the recognition of where the disease spread
2) the recognition of who is most effected
3) Why the disease is presenting itself within the population and;
4) How to reduce the spread of disease, reduce mobidity. |
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Term
| What is the incidence of a disease? |
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Definition
| The incidence of a disease is the rate of occurace of a disease at any given time. |
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Term
| What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic? |
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Definition
| An epidemic is an increase of a disease in a population where a pandemic is a rapid increase of disease across continants. |
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Term
| Describe all the different types of disease prevention. |
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Definition
Primary prevention stops a disease from occuring, like wearing a helmet so you don't hit your noggin.
Secondary Prevention is screening for illnesses for early treatment such as pap smears.
Teritiary Prevention is the rehabilitation of a patient after the detection of disease. It focuses on preventing complications related to the disease. |
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Term
| Explain the relation between organs, tissues and cells. |
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Definition
Organs are fully differenciated body parts with specialized functions.
Tissues are groups of different cell types that combine to form a specialized function (organ)
Cells are the basic units that make up tissues and the sites where changes in structure and function lead to symptoms of disease in individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phagocytosis is the process of the process of ingesting large particles such as cells, bacteria and damaged cellular componants resulting in the release of cellular free radicals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proliferation is the increase of cell number. |
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Term
| What is cell Differenciation? |
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Definition
| Differenciation is the ability of the cell to transform into different types. |
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Term
| What does the decrease of the size or loss of function of a cell indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the involution of a cell? |
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Definition
| The involution of a cell is the state of decreased size of a cell. |
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Term
| What is cellular hypertrophy? |
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Definition
| Cellular hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Cells often respond with hypertrophy from an increase in trophic (growth) signals. |
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Term
| What is an increase in the number of cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Metaplasia is the changing of one cell type to another. This is a way that a cell can adapt to a persistant stressor. This happens with GERD. |
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Term
| What is the actual change in cell size, shape, uniformity, arragement and stucture which is also often a response to a chronic and persistant stressor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Bronchopulmonary dysplasia? |
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Definition
| BPD is a condition where stressors cause cellular alterations that lead to chronic, irreversible tissue changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agromegaly is a condition of hyperplasia stimulated by excessive growth hormones which causes excessive growth. If it happens before puberty, it causes the individual to become irregularly tall, and if it occurs after, it causes an enlargement of the jaw and general largeness. |
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Term
| What are some of the risk factors associated with cervical dysplasia? |
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Definition
| Early sexual onset, multiple sexual partners, exposure to HPV, smoking. |
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Term
What are some common causes of cell injury or death?
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Definition
| Injury, bacteria, deficit injury (nor enough oxygen) |
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Term
| What is oxydative stress? |
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Definition
| Stress caused to the cells by biological aging, infection, stress, ichemia, radiation and the use of chemical drugs as well as many other factors. |
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Term
| How is inflammation triggered? |
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Definition
| Inflammation is triggered by tissue injury. |
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Term
| What are the main goals of inflammation? |
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Definition
| To increase blood flow to the site on injury, increase healing cells at the site and prepare tissue for repair. |
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Term
| What are the primary lines of defense? |
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Definition
Primary: Skin and membranes
Secondary: Inflammatory response
Tertiary: Immune response |
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Term
| What are the vascular responses to injury? |
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Definition
| Induces vasodilation and increases capilary permeability, with the objective of getting more blood to the injured site. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mast cell is an important inflammatory mediator, they are leucocytes which are in the connective tissues of the body near all blood vessels. They are responsible for the production and release of inflammatory mediators. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of basophils? |
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Definition
| They release triggers to indreasd or diminish inflammatory response. |
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