Term
What is normal temperature and why must it be maintained |
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Definition
Normal is 37C or 98.6F
Stable temperature is important for function of cells |
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Term
| How does shivering occur and how does this generate heat |
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Definition
| Decreased body temperature stimulates peripheral receptors, sends signal to hypothalamus, triggers autonomic nervous system, influences motor neurons, then rapidly alternating skeletal muscle contractions to generate heat |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of heat loss and how do they work to decrease body temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| How do dermal blood vessels help to regulate body temperature |
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Definition
To lose heat by radiation: Blood is moved toward skin surface by sphincters
To retain heat: Blood is moved to insulated subcutaneous area |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of homeostatic control that results in rising body core temperature.
Excess heat causes increased metabolism....leads to more heat |
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Term
| What are the differences between classic and exertional heatstroke and how are both treated |
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Definition
Classic: Usually in young or old, debilitated individuals traveling to hot area without water or shade
Predisposing factors: dehydration, humidity, poor ventilation
Symptoms: Hot dry skin, elevated temperature (>40.5C/155F), tachycardia, confusion, delirium, seizures, coma
Exertional: usually seen in young male athletes with intense activity in hot environment
Symptoms: Hot clammy skin, elevated temperature (>40.5C/155F), tachycardia, confusion, delirium, seizures, coma
Treatment (both): Medical Emergency! Physical cooling, rehydration |
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Term
Compare malignant hyperthermia and malignant neuroleptic syndrome |
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Definition
Malignant hyperthermia: Patients genetically predisposed, occurs with inhaled anesthetic/succinylcholine
Malignant neuroleptic syndrome: A rare side effect of antipsychotic drugs
Both are treated with d/c, dantroline, cooling |
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Term
| What is mild vs. severe hypothermia and how is it treated |
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Definition
Mild: 35-32C/90-95F
Symptoms: Intense shivering and cramping
Severe: <32C/90F
Symptions: Decreased shivering, slow pulse and respiration, impaired judgment, altered consciousness, possible euphoria
Treatment (both): Medical Emergency! Warming by inhalation of warm, saturated air
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of fever |
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Definition
External triggers include trauma/ischemic injury, infection with endotoxin production, inflammation
Triggers lead to production of endogenous pyrogen (EP) by mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages)
1 hour later: EPs can be IL-1, TNF-a, INF-a, IL-6
EP travels to hypothalamus, cause production of prostaglandins, increase hypothalamus set point, triggers chills and warmth-seeking behaviors, increases corticosteroid release, decreases ADH release |
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Term
| What are the beneficial and noxious effects of fever |
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Definition
Beneficial effects: increased immune function and phagocytosis, decreased replication of bacteria
Harmful effects
decreased heart function: increased temp. could lead to workload of heart such as angina, MI
stoke victims: increased risk of problems with fever
head injury with decreased function of hypothalamus: dangerous increase in temperature
Pregnancy: increased temperature may harm fetus |
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Term
| What is fever of undetermined origin (FUO) |
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Definition
38.3c/101F continuing for 3 weeks
failure to determine cause
Usual causes: infection, malignant tumor, collagen-vascular diseases
In about 10-15% cases, cause is undetermined. |
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Term
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Definition
Antipyretic therapy: aspirin, other NSAIDs, acetominophen
Physical cooling: ice baths, cooling of forehead |
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