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double walled membranous sac that encloses heart. Layers separated by serous fluid.
1.pulses paradoxus
2.muffled heart sounds
3.poorly palpable pulses |
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1. Definition: acute inflammation of pericardium, etiology unknown or infection
2. Pathophysiology: membrane becomes inflamed, roughened, exudate may form
3. Clinical Manifestations:
a.chest pain
b. restlessness, anxiety
c. low grade fever
d. friction rub
4. Complications:
a. Pericardial effusion: excess pericardial fluid. Can compress adjoining structures - pulmonary tissues
b. Cardiac tamponade: effusion inc in size or occurs rapidly. Fluid and pressure compromises heart’s ability to fill and empty
1. pulses paradoxus
2. muffled heart sounds
3. poorly palpable pulses
5. Diagnostic Tests:
a. EKG
b. echocardiogram
6. Treatment:
a. treat cause
b. pain meds
c. pericardiocentesis |
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| An exudate is any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation流出物,分泌液 |
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| any abnormal tissue found on or in an organism, usually damaged by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.n. 损害,损伤精神的伤害,障碍 |
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| In chemistry, effusion is the process where individual molecules flow through a hole without collisions between molecules.n. 流出,溢出 |
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| excess pericardial fluid. Can compress adjoining structures - pulmonary tissues |
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| an emergency condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardium (the sac in which the heart is enclosed). If the fluid significantly elevates the pressure on the heart it will prevent the heart's ventricles from filling properly. This in turn leads to a low stroke volume. The end result is ineffective pumping of blood, shock, and often death. |
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v. 送气发音,吐气,吸出
n. h音,气音字,h字
a. 气音的,h音的 |
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| a procedure where fluid is aspirated from the pericardium |
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| Constrictive Pericarditis |
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Definition
| chronic inflammation of pericardium, etiology unknown but associated with radiation, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis |
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Constrictive Pericarditis
Pathophysiology |
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Definition
| fibrous scarring, pericardial layers adhere. Encases heart in rigid shell |
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Constrictive Pericarditis
Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
a. fatigue, weakness
b. SOB on exertion
c. exercise intolerance
d. edema
e. distention of jugular vein
f. hepatic congestion
4. Diagnostic Tests
a. EKG changes b. echocardiogram
5. Treatment
a. digoxin b. diuretics
c. Na restrictions
d. surgery |
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the increase of interstitial fluid in any organ — swelling
浮肿,水肿 |
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| The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. |
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心肌症
literally means "heart muscle disease," is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death or both. |
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| inflammation and degeneration of myocardial fibers that dec contractile function. Chambers dilate – causes impaired pumping function. Dec L ventricular ejection fraction and dec CO. Leads to inc in volumes in heart. |
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| an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart |
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| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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| myocardial hypertrophy without dilation. Walls hypertrophy, thick septum so small volumes. Hypertrophy also causes impaired relaxation. Possible aortic outflow obstruction |
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loss of consciousness, fainting
n. 字中音省略,中略,假死 |
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| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
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a. 坚硬的,严厉的,呆板的
ad. 僵硬地,彻底地 |
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| In medicine, an embolism occurs when an object (the embolus, plural emboli) migrates from one part of the body (through circulation) and causes a blockage (occlusion) of a blood vessel in another part of the body. |
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| Rheumatic Fever/Heart Disease |
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inflammatory disease caused by delayed infection by group A beta-hemolytic strept
Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune inflammatory disease which may develop after a Group A streptococcal infection (such as strep throat or scarlet fever) and can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain. It commonly appears in children ages 6 through 15 . |
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Rheumatic Fever
Pathophysiology: |
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Definition
| RF sequel to pharyngeal infection. Abnormal immune response to group A strept cell membrane antigen. Antigens bind to receptors in heart -> Inflammatory lesions develop and damage valves. |
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polyarthritis
[ˌpɔliɑ:'θraitis] |
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| an abnormal involuntary movement disorder |
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Valvular Disease:
Stenosis |
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| valve opening constricted. Chamber in front of valve - work harder, hypertrophy |
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[医](器官)狭窄
valve opening constricted. Chamber in front of valve - work harder, hypertrophy |
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Regurgitation
[riˌgɜ:dʒi'teiʃən,ri:-] |
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n. 流回,逆流,反刍
valve does not close all the way, allows blood to flow in reverse. Inc volume – hypertrophy and dilation of chamber |
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| failure of one or both valves leaflets to fit together. Usually benign, can lead to mitral regurgitation and inc risk of endocarditis |
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